Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Open accessAbstract
Background and Purpose: Population-wide reductions in cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality have not been shared equally by African Americans. The burden of cardiovascular disease in the African American community remains high and is a primary cause of disparities in life expectancy between African Americans and whites. The objectives of the present scientific statement are to describe cardiovascular health in African Americans and to highlight unique considerations for disease prevention and management. Method: The primary sources of information were identified with PubMed/Medline and online sources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: The higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk) underlies the relatively earlier age of onset of cardiovascular diseases among African Americans. Hypertension in particular is highly prevalent among African Americans and contributes directly to the notable disparities in stroke, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease among African Americans. Despite the availability of effective pharmacotherapies and indications for some tailored pharmacotherapies for African Americans (eg, heart failure medications), disease management is less effective among African Americans, yielding higher mortality. Explanations for these persistent disparities in cardiovascular disease are multifactorial and span from the individual level to the social environment. Conclusions: The strategies needed to promote equity in the cardiovascular health of African Americans require input from a broad set of stakeholders, including clinicians and researchers from across multiple disciplines.
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Although overall mortality from coronary artery disease has decreased over time, the mortality gap between Black and White Americans has persisted over the last 6 decades.
“Although overall mortality from coronary artery disease has decreased over time, the mortality gap between Black and White Americans has persisted over the last 6 decades.51”
From Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
The Coronary Heart Disease section says CHD rates have declined in recent decades and reports higher rates of fatal CHD among African Americans than whites. It does not establish that the coronary mortality gap persisted for six decades; the 60-year trend in the Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke section concerns stroke mortality, not coronary disease. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBlack Americans are more likely to die from cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease than White Americans.
“Black Americans are more likely to die from cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease than White Americans.51”
From Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Carnethon, M. R., Pu, J., Howard, G., Albert, M. A., Anderson, C. A. M., Bertoni, A. G., Mujahid, M. S., Palaniappan, L., Taylor, H. A., Willis, M., & Yancy, C. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2017-11-21
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- e393-e423
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2766278264
- Semantic Scholar
- 6190f3a41b1fdb6c1cf9fb166c25f060b0a2ef2d
- Cited by
- 1,147
- References
- 292
- Citations by year
- 2026: 114 · 2025: 151 · 2024: 146 · 2023: 146 · 2022: 163 · 2021: 171 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 9.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- cardiovascular health, African Americans, cardiovascular disease disparities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk, stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, cardiovascular risk factors, disease prevention, health equity, racial disparities in mortality
- MeSH terms
- American Heart Association, Black or African American, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Hypertension, Life Style, Obesity, Preventive Health Services, Prognosis, Risk Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Incidence, Prevalence, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Risk Reduction Behavior, Health Status Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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