The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cyberbullying and LGBTQ Youth: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for Prevention and Intervention
Open accessAbstract
Research has demonstrated that cyberbullying has adverse physical and mental health consequences for youths. Unfortunately, most studies have focused on heterosexual and cisgender individuals. The scant available research on sexual minority and gender expansive youth (i.e., LGBTQ) shows that this group is at a higher risk for cyberbullying when compared to their heterosexual counterparts. However, to date no literature review has comprehensively explored the effects of cyberbullying on LGBTQ youth. A systematic review resulted in 27 empirical studies that explore the effects of cyberbullying on LGBTQ youth. Findings revealed that the percentage of cyberbullying among LGBTQ youth ranges between 10.5% and 71.3% across studies. Common negative effects of cyberbullying of LGBTQ youth include psychological and emotional (suicidal ideation and attempt, depression, lower self-esteem), behavioral (physical aggression, body image, isolation), and academic performance (lower GPAs). Recommendations and interventions for students, schools, and parents are discussed.
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In the citing paper
“many TGD individuals have experienced cyberbullying due to a lack of societal acceptance of their gender minority status [2,3].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the vast majority of current research into cyberbullying is limited to predominantly adolescent populations [2,3]”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, little is presently known about the lived cyberbullying experiences of TGD adults despite the prevalence of cyberbullying experienced by the TGD community.”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals are significantly more likely to experience cyberbullying.”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“LGBT youth are also less likely to report cyberbullying experiences for fear of the exposure of their LGBT status and possible discrimination from authorities [3].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“but this research is externally driven and lacks insight into the lived experiences of TGD individuals [3].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Unlike findings from cisgender populations, but consistent with previous LGBT adolescent studies [3], participants frequently reported that cyberbullying perpetrators were anonymous or strangers.”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“TGD individuals are often included under a broad category of LGBTQIA+, and the vast majority of current research into cyberbullying is limited to predominantly adolescent populations [2,3]”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Most cyberbullying research that includes TGD individuals is focused on LGBT adolescents rather than on the wider LGBTQIA+ community or TGD individuals specifically [3,22,23,24].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Quantitative research suggests TGD experiences of cyberbullying differ from those of cisgender LGB and heterosexual individuals”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“LGBT youth are more likely to experience anonymous forms of cyberbullying than their non-LGBT peers”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“LGBT adolescents are disproportionally more likely to be victims of cyberbullying than their heterosexual and cisgender peers [3,22,23]”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“for whom cyberbullying is frequently an extension of in-person bullying and perpetrated by peers [3].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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A 25-Year Meta-Analysis of LGBTQ+ Cybervictimization and Suicide Ideation and Behavior
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Metadata
- Authors
- Abreu, R. L., & Kenny, M. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Florida International University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Abreu, Roberto L.
- Venue
- Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma
- Published
- 2017-07-24
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 81-97
- ISSN
- 1936-1521 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-153X
- PMC
- PMC7163911
- OpenAlex
- W2738228133
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, LGBTQ youth, sexual minority youth, gender expansive youth, prevalence of cyberbullying, psychological effects of cyberbullying, suicidal ideation, depression, self-esteem, academic performance, bullying prevention, school-based intervention, parental involvement
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