On the measurement of cognitive abilities in English learners
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Stratifying base rates using a measure of crystalized intelligence (as defined by the NIHTB-CB with measures of receptive vocabulary and single word reading) may underestimate the abilities of English language learners and youth with certain neurodevelopmental disorders, such as reading disorder (dyslexia) and language disorder.
“stratifying base rates using a measure of crystalized intelligence (as defined by the NIHTB-CB with measures of receptive vocabulary and single word reading) may underestimate the abilities of English language learners (Ortiz, 2019) and youth with certain neurodevelopmental disorders, such as reading disorder (i.e., dyslexia) and language disorder (de Bree et al., 2022; Gray et al., 2019).”
From Cognitive weaknesses or impairments on the NIH toolbox cognition battery in children and adolescents: base rates in a normative sample and proposed methods for classification (2025) · cites this paper as Ortiz, 2019
Cites
Neurolinguists, beware! The bilingual is not two monolinguals in one person.
Grosjean, F. (1989) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/0093-934x(89)90048-5 · Cited by 1,490 · see citing works
STANDARDIZATION OF PROGRESSIVE MATRICES, 1938
RAVEN, J. C. (1941) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1941.tb00316.x · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Nakano, S., & Watkins, M. W. (2013) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21724 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Cook, N. E., Iverson, G. L., & Karr, J. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1473095
- Authors
- Ortiz, S. O.
- Affiliations
- St. John's University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ortiz, Samuel O.
- ORCID
- Ortiz, Samuel O.
- Venue
- Contemporary School Psychology
- Published
- 2019-01-29
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-86
- ISSN
- 2159-2020 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-1505
- OpenAlex
- W2912378050
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Contemporary School Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Multilingual Education and Policy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational and Psychological Assessments
- Keywords
- English language learners, cognitive ability measurement, language proficiency, test performance, evidence-based assessment, bilingualism, limited English proficiency, best practice guidelines, cultural bias in testing
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