CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 313Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsWound Healing and TreatmentsSurgical Sutures and Adhesives

Bioinspired injectable self-healing hydrogel sealant with fault-tolerant and repeated thermo-responsive adhesion for sutureless post-wound-closure and wound healing

Open access
Liang, Yuqing, Xu, Huiru, Li, Zhenlong, Zhangji, Aodi, Guo, Baolin·2022·Nano-Micro Letters
DOI 10.1007/s40820-022-00928-zPMC PMC9470803
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Hydrogels with multifunctionalities, including sufficient bonding strength, injectability and self-healing capacity, responsive-adhesive ability, fault-tolerant and repeated tissue adhesion, are urgently demanded for invasive wound closure and wound healing. Motivated by the adhesive mechanism of mussel and brown algae, bioinspired dynamic bonds cross-linked multifunctional hydrogel adhesive is designed based on sodium alginate (SA), gelatin (GT) and protocatechualdehyde, with ferric ions added, for sutureless post-wound-closure. The dynamic hydrogel cross-linked through Schiff base bond, catechol-Fe coordinate bond and the strong interaction between GT with temperature-dependent phase transition and SA, endows the resulting hydrogel with sufficient mechanical and adhesive strength for efficient wound closure, injectability and self-healing capacity, and repeated closure of reopened wounds. Moreover, the temperature-dependent adhesive properties endowed mispositioning hydrogel to be removed/repositioned, which is conducive for the fault-tolerant adhesion of the hydrogel adhesives during surgery. Besides, the hydrogels present good biocompatibility, near-infrared-assisted photothermal antibacterial activity, antioxidation and repeated thermo-responsive reversible adhesion and good hemostatic effect. The in vivo incision closure evaluation demonstrated their capability to promote the post-wound-closure and wound healing of the incisions, indicating that the developed reversible adhesive hydrogel dressing could serve as versatile tissue sealant.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s40820-022-00928-z

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The fascinating properties of mussel-inspired injectable hydrogels benefit their application in numerous biomedical fields, such as wound closure and healing, hemostasis, bone repair, drug delivery, smart sensors, and biological coatings.

    “Their fascinating properties benefit their application in numerous biomedical fields, such as wound closure and healing [36,37], hemostasis [38,39], bone repair [40,41], drug delivery [42,43], smart sensors [44], biological coatings [45], etc. (Figure 2).”

    From Mussel-Inspired Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [37]

  • The coordination of catechol and Fe3+ is strongly influenced by pH.

    “It has been reported that the coordination of catechol and Fe3+ is strongly influenced by pH [37,61].”

    From Mussel-Inspired Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [37]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 71

  1. [1]Li S Chen N Li X Li Y Xie Z Bioinspired double-dynamic-bond crosslinked bioadhesive enables post-wound closure care Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 30 17 2000130 10.1002/adfm.202000130 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [2]Zhao X Liang Y Huang Y He J Han Y Physical double-network hydrogel adhesives with rapid shape adaptability, fast self-healing, antioxidant and NIR/pH stimulus-responsiveness for multidrug-resistant bacterial infection and removable wound dressing Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 30 17 1910748 10.1002/adfm.201910748 · DOI · Paper page
  3. [3]Liang Y Li Z Huang Y Yu R Guo B Dual-dynamic-bond cross-linked antibacterial adhesive hydrogel sealants with on-demand removability for post-wound-closure and infected wound healing ACS Nano 2021 15 4 7078 7093 10.1021/acsnano.1c00204 33764740 · DOI
  4. [4]Ma Y Yao J Liu Q Han T Zhao J Liquid bandage harvests robust adhesive, hemostatic, and antibacterial performances as a first-aid tissue adhesive Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 30 39 2001820 10.1002/adfm.202001820 · DOI
  5. [5]Guo B Dong R Liang Y Li M Haemostatic materials for wound healing applications Nat. Rev. Chem. 2021 5 11 773 791 10.1038/s41570-021-00323-z 37117664 · DOI
  6. [6]Liang Y He J Guo B Functional hydrogels as wound dressing to enhance wound healing ACS Nano 2021 15 8 12687 12722 10.1021/acsnano.1c04206 34374515 · DOI · Paper page
  7. [7]Tang N Zhang R Zheng Y Wang J Khatib M Highly efficient self-healing multifunctional dressing with antibacterial activity for sutureless wound closure and infected wound monitoring Adv. Mater. 2021 34 3 2106842 10.1002/adma.202106842 34741350 · DOI
  8. [8]Zhang K Chen X Xue Y Lin J Liang X Tough hydrogel bioadhesives for sutureless wound sealing, hemostasis and biointerfaces Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 32 15 2111465 10.1002/adfm.202111465 · DOI
  9. [9]Chen J He J Yang Y Qiao L Hu J Antibacterial adhesive self-healing hydrogels to promote diabetic wound healing Acta Biomater. 2022 146 119 130 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.041 35483628 · DOI
  10. [10]Liang Y Liang Y Zhang H Guo B Antibacterial biomaterials for skin wound dressing Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 2022 17 3 353 384 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.01.001 35782328 PMC9237601 · DOI
  11. [11]Zhang H Zhao T Duffy P Dong Y Annaidh AN Hydrolytically degradable hyperbranched PEG-polyester adhesive with low swelling and robust mechanical properties Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2015 4 15 2260 2268 10.1002/adhm.201500406 26346527 · DOI
  12. [12]Yu R Li M Li Z Pan G Liang Y Supramolecular thermo-contracting adhesive hydrogel with self-removability simultaneously enhancing noninvasive wound closure and MRSA-infected wound healing Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2022 11 13 2102749 10.1002/adhm.202102749 35426232 · DOI
  13. [13]Sigen A Xu Q Johnson M Creagh-Flynn J Venet M An injectable multi-responsive hydrogel as self-healable and on-demand dissolution tissue adhesive Appl. Mater. Today 2021 22 100967 10.1016/j.apmt.2021.100967 · DOI
  14. [14]Zhou L Dai C Fan L Jiang Y Liu C Injectable self-healing natural biopolymer-based hydrogel adhesive with thermoresponsive reversible adhesion for minimally invasive surgery Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 31 14 2007457 10.1002/adfm.202007457 · DOI
  15. [15]Chen K Wu Z Liu Y Yuan Y Liu C Injectable double-crosslinked adhesive hydrogels with high mechanical resilience and effective energy dissipation for joint wound treatment Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 32 12 2109687 10.1002/adfm.202109687 · DOI
  16. [16]Li J Celiz AD Yang J Yang Q Wamala I Tough adhesives for diverse wet surfaces Science 2017 357 6349 378 381 10.1126/science.aah6362 28751604 PMC5905340 · DOI
  17. [17]Anthis AHC Hu X Matter MT Neuer AL Wei K Chemically stable, strongly adhesive sealant patch for intestinal anastomotic leakage prevention Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 31 16 2007099 10.1002/adfm.202007099 · DOI
  18. [18]Wu X Guo W Wang L Xu Y Wang Z An injectable asymmetric-adhesive hydrogel as a GATA6+ cavity macrophage trap to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions after minimally invasive surgery Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 32 9 2110066 10.1002/adfm.202110066 · DOI
  19. [19]Hong Y Zhou F Hua Y Zhang X Ni C A strongly adhesive hemostatic hydrogel for the repair of arterial and heart bleeds Nat. Commun. 2019 10 2060 10.1038/s41467-019-10004-7 31089131 PMC6517429 · DOI
  20. [20]Xue B Gu J Li L Yu W Yin S Hydrogel tapes for fault-tolerant strong wet adhesion Nat. Commun. 2021 12 7156 10.1038/s41467-021-27529-5 34887418 PMC8660897 · DOI
  21. [21]Yu R Zhang H Guo B Conductive biomaterials as bioactive wound dressing for wound healing and skin tissue engineering Nano-Micro Lett. 2021 14 1 10.1007/s40820-021-00751-y PMC8639891 34859323 · DOI
  22. [22]Yang Y Liang Y Chen J Duan X Guo B Mussel-inspired adhesive antioxidant antibacterial hemostatic composite hydrogel wound dressing via photo-polymerization for infected skin wound healing Bioact. Mater. 2022 8 341 354 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.014 34541405 PMC8427086 · DOI · Paper page
  23. [23]Liang Y Li M Yang Y Qiao L Xu H pH/glucose dual responsive metformin release hydrogel dressings with adhesion and self-healing via dual-dynamic bonding for athletic diabetic foot wound healing ACS Nano 2022 16 2 3194 3207 10.1021/acsnano.1c11040 35099927 · DOI
  24. [24]Li M Liang Y Liang Y Pan G Guo BJCEJ Injectable stretchable self-healing dual dynamic network hydrogel as adhesive anti-oxidant wound dressing for photothermal clearance of bacteria and promoting wound healing of MRSA infected motion wounds Chem. Eng. J. 2022 427 132039 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132039 · DOI
  25. [25]Dong R Guo B Smart wound dressings for wound healing Nano Today 2021 41 101290 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101290 · DOI
  26. [26]Yu R Yang Y He J Li M Guo B Novel supramolecular self-healing silk fibroin-based hydrogel via host-guest interaction as wound dressing to enhance wound healing Chem. Eng. J. 2021 417 128278 10.1016/j.cej.2020.128278 · DOI
  27. [27]Zhang B He J Shi M Liang Y Guo B Injectable self-healing supramolecular hydrogels with conductivity and photo-thermal antibacterial activity to enhance complete skin regeneration Chem. Eng. J. 2020 400 125994 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125994 · DOI
  28. [28]Li M Liang Y He J Zhang H Guo B Two-pronged strategy of biomechanically active and biochemically multifunctional hydrogel wound dressing to accelerate wound closure and wound healing Chem. Mater. 2020 32 23 9937 9953 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02823 · DOI
  29. [29]Li M Pan G Zhang H Guo B Hydrogel adhesives for generalized wound treatment: design and applications J. Polym. Sci. 2022 60 8 1328 1359 10.1002/pol.20210916 · DOI
  30. [30]Teng L Shao Z Bai Q Zhang X He YS Biomimetic glycopolypeptide hydrogels with tunable adhesion and microporous structure for fast hemostasis and highly efficient wound healing Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 31 43 2105628 10.1002/adfm.202105628 · DOI
  31. [31]Wang R Li J Chen W Xu T Yun S A biomimetic mussel-inspired epsilon-poly-l-lysine hydrogel with robust tissue-anchor and anti-infection capacity Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017 27 8 1604894 10.1002/adfm.201604894 · DOI · Paper page
  32. [32]Zhang H Sun X Wang J Zhang Y Dong M Multifunctional injectable hydrogel dressings for effectively accelerating wound healing: enhancing biomineralization strategy Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 31 23 2100093 10.1002/adfm.202100093 · DOI
  33. [33]Zhao X Pei D Yang Y Xu K Yu J Green tea derivative driven smart hydrogels with desired functions for chronic diabetic wound treatment Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 31 18 2100093 10.1002/adfm.202009442 · DOI
  34. [34]Zheng K Tong Y Zhang S He R Xiao L Flexible bicolorimetric polyacrylamide/chitosan hydrogels for smart real-time monitoring and promotion of wound healing Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 31 34 2102599 10.1002/adfm.202102599 · DOI
  35. [35]Cholewinski A Yang F Zhao B Algae-mussel-inspired hydrogel composite glue for underwater bonding Mater. Horiz. 2019 6 2 285 293 10.1039/c8mh01421c · DOI
  36. [36]Su X Xie W Wang P Tian Z Wang H Strong underwater adhesion of injectable hydrogels triggered by diffusion of small molecules Mater. Horiz. 2021 8 8 2199 2207 10.1039/D1MH00533B 34846424 · DOI
  37. [37]He J Zhang Z Yang Y Ren F Li J Injectable self-healing adhesive pH-responsive hydrogels accelerate gastric hemostasis and wound healing Nano-Micro Lett. 2021 13 80 10.1007/s40820-020-00585-0 PMC8187506 34138263 · DOI
  38. [38]Tarakhovskaya ER Mechanisms of bioadhesion of macrophytic algae Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 2014 61 1 19 25 10.1134/S1021443714010154 · DOI
  39. [39]Presti ML Rizzo G Farinola GM Omenetto FG Bioinspired biomaterial composite for all-water-based high-performance adhesives Adv. Sci. 2021 8 16 2004786 10.1002/advs.202004786 PMC8373158 34080324 · DOI
  40. [40]Nam S Mooney D Polymeric tissue adhesives Chem. Rev. 2021 121 18 11336 11384 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00798 33507740 · DOI · Paper page
  41. [41]Zhao X Chen X Yuk H Lin S Liu X Soft materials by design: unconventional polymer networks give extreme properties Chem. Rev. 2021 121 8 4309 4372 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01088 33844906 PMC9217625 · DOI
  42. [42]Ghobril C Grinstaff MW The chemistry and engineering of polymeric hydrogel adhesives for wound closure: a tutorial Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015 44 7 1820 1835 10.1039/c4cs00332b 25649260 · DOI
  43. [43]Gan D Shuai T Wang X Huang Z Ren F Mussel-inspired redox-active and hydrophilic conductive polymer nanoparticles for adhesive hydrogel bioelectronics Nano-Micro Lett. 2020 12 169 10.1007/s40820-020-00507-0 PMC7770971 34138168 · DOI
  44. [44]Han L Lu X Liu K Wang K Fang L Mussel-inspired adhesive and tough hydrogel based on nanoclay confined dopamine polymerization ACS Nano 2017 11 3 2561 2574 10.1021/acsnano.6b05318 28245107 · DOI
  45. [45]Yang B Jin S Park Y Jung YM Cha HJ Coacervation of interfacial adhesive proteins for initial mussel adhesion to a wet surface Small 2018 14 52 1803377 10.1002/smll.201803377 30457699 · DOI
  46. [46]Sun J Xiao L Li B Zhao K Wang Z Genetically engineered polypeptide adhesive coacervates for surgical applications Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021 60 44 23687 23694 10.1002/anie.202100064 PMC8596419 33886148 · DOI
  47. [47]Gan D Xu T Xing W Ge X Fang L Mussel-inspired contact-active antibacterial hydrogel with high cell affinity, toughness, and recoverability Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019 29 1 1805964 10.1002/adfm.201805964 · DOI
  48. [48]Chen HH Lin CH Kang HY Maturation effects in fish gelatin and HPMC composite gels Food Hydrocol. 2009 23 7 1756 1761 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.03.004 · DOI
  49. [49]Feng Q Wei K Zhang K Yang B Tian F One-pot solvent exchange preparation of non-swellable, thermoplastic, stretchable and adhesive supramolecular hydrogels based on dual synergistic physical crosslinking NPG Asia Mater. 2018 10 1 e455 10.1038/am.2017.208 · DOI
  50. [50]Zheng J Zhu M Ferracci G Cho NJ Lee BH Hydrolytic stability of methacrylamide and methacrylate in gelatin methacryloyl and decoupling of gelatin methacrylamide from gelatin methacryloyl through hydrolysis Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2018 219 18 1800266 10.1002/macp.201800266 · DOI
  51. [51]Li M Wang H Hu J Hu J Zhang S Smart hydrogels with antibacterial properties built from all natural building blocks Chem. Mater. 2019 31 18 7678 7685 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b02547 · DOI
  52. [52]Filippidi E Cristiani TR Eisenbach CD Waite JH Israelachvili JN Toughening elastomers using mussel-inspired iron-catechol complexes Science 2017 358 6362 502 505 10.1126/science.aao0350 29074770 PMC5676464 · DOI
  53. [53]Xiao C Liu H Lu Y Zhang L Blend films from sodium alginate and gelatin solutions J. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem. 2001 38 3 317 328 10.1081/Ma-100103352 · DOI
  54. [54]Dong Z Wang Q Du Y Alginate/gelatin blend films and their properties for drug controlled release J. Membr. Sci. 2006 280 1 37 44 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.01.002 · DOI
  55. [55]Ma Y Qi P Ju J Wang Q Hao L Gelatin/alginate composite nanofiber membranes for effective and even adsorption of cationic dyes Compos. Part B 2019 162 671 677 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.01.048 · DOI
  56. [56]Tang L Zhang D Gong L Zhang Y Xie S Double-network physical cross-linking strategy to promote bulk mechanical and surface adhesive properties of hydrogels Macromolecules 2019 52 24 9512 9525 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01686 · DOI
  57. [57]Ge S Ji N Cui S Xie W Li M Coordination of covalent cross-linked gelatin hydrogels via oxidized tannic acid and ferric ions with strong mechanical properties J. Agric. Food Chem. 2019 67 41 11489 11497 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03947 31560530 · DOI
  58. [58]Zhao X Zhang M Guo B Ma PX Mussel-inspired injectable supramolecular and covalent bond crosslinked hydrogels with rapid self-healing and recovery properties via a facile approach under metal-free conditions J. Mater. Chem. B 2016 4 41 6644 6651 10.1039/c6tb01776b 32263519 · DOI
  59. [59]Abe H Yabu H Bio-inspired incrustation interfacial polymerization of dopamine and cross-linking with gelatin toward robust, biodegradable three-dimensional hydrogels Langmuir 2021 37 20 6201 6207 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00364 33949870 · DOI
  60. [60]Lee H Dellatore SM Miller WM Messersmith PB Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings Science 2007 318 5849 426 430 10.1126/science.1147241 17947576 PMC2601629 · DOI · Paper page
  61. [61]Liu B Burdine L Kodadek T Chemistry of periodate-mediated cross-linking of 3,4-dihydroxylphenylalanine-containing molecules to proteins J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006 128 47 15228 15235 10.1021/ja065794h 17117875 PMC2568988 · DOI
  62. [62]Li B Dong Y Li L Preparation and catalytic performance of Fe(III)-citric acid-modified cotton fiber complex as a novel cellulose fiber-supported heterogeneous photo-fenton catalyst Cellulose 2015 22 2 1295 1309 10.1007/s10570-015-0562-x · DOI
  63. [63]Das S Martin P Vasilyev G Nandi R Amdursky N Processable, ion-conducting hydrogel for flexible electronic devices with self-healing capability Macromolecules 2020 53 24 11130 11141 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02060 · DOI
  64. [64]Li J Sun K Leng C Jiang J Zipping assembly of an Fe3O4/carbon nanosheet composite as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode material RSC Adv. 2018 8 37417 37423 10.1039/C8RA06970K 35557823 PMC9089423 · DOI
  65. [65]Maerten C Lopez L Lupattelli P Rydzek G Pronkin S Electrotriggered confined self-assembly of metal–polyphenol nanocoatings using a morphogenic approach Chem. Mater. 2017 29 22 9668 9679 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03349 · DOI
  66. [66]Li W Li F Yang H Wu X Zhang P A bio-inspired coordination polymer as outstanding water oxidation catalyst via second coordination sphere engineering Nat. Commun. 2019 10 5074 10.1038/s41467-019-13052-1 31699987 PMC6838099 · DOI
  67. [67]Bai S Zhang X Lv X Zhang M Huang X Bioinspired mineral-organic bone adhesives for stable fracture fixation and accelerated bone regeneration Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 30 5 1908381 10.1002/adfm.201908381 · DOI
  68. [68]Liang Y Hao Y Wu Y Zhou Z Li J Integrated hydrogel platform for programmed antitumor therapy based on near infrared-triggered hyperthermia and vascular disruption ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019 11 24 21381 21390 10.1021/acsami.9b05536 31141335 · DOI
  69. [69]Hou C Yuan Q Huo D Zheng S Zhan D Investigation on clotting and hemolysis characteristics of heparin-immobilized polyether sulfones biomembrane J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2008 85A 3 847 852 10.1002/jbm.a.31502 17876803 · DOI
  70. [70]Ma Z Bao G Li J Multifaceted design and emerging applications of tissue adhesives Adv. Mater. 2021 33 24 2007663 10.1002/adma.202007663 33956371 · DOI
  71. [71]Nishiguchi A Ichimaru H Ito S Nagasaka K Taguchi T Hotmelt tissue adhesive with supramolecularly-controlled sol-gel transition for preventing postoperative abdominal adhesion Acta Biomater. 2022 146 80 93 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.037 35500814 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Liang, Y., Xu, H., Li, Z., Zhangji, A., & Guo, B.
Affiliations
Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
Corresponding author
Guo, Baolin
ORCID
Venue
Nano-Micro Letters
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-09-13
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
185-185
ISSN
  • 2150-5551 (ISSN-L)
  • 2311-6706
DOI
10.1007/s40820-022-00928-z
PMC
PMC9470803
OpenAlex
W4295359138
Cited by
313
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 5
FWCI
21.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nano-Micro Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical Sutures and Adhesives
Keywords
self-healing hydrogels, wound closure, wound healing, sodium alginate, gelatin, protocatechuic aldehyde, Schiff base crosslinking, mussel-inspired adhesives, antioxidant activity, hemostasis, hydrogel dressing, incision closure

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review