A Comprehensive Review on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass and its Applications

Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems

Foo, K. Y., & Hameed, B. H. (2010) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.013 · Cited by 8,479

Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance

Park, S., Baker, J. O., Himmel, M. E., Parilla, P. A., & Johnson, D. K. (2010) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/1754-6834-3-10 · Cited by 3,430

Colloidal Carbon Spheres and Their Core/Shell Structures with Noble‐Metal Nanoparticles

Sun, X., & Li, Y. (2004) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200352386 · Cited by 2,199

The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose

Sevilla, M., & Fuertes, A. B. (2009) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.026 · Cited by 2,021

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: A comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis

Libra, J. A., Ro, K. S., Kammann, C., Funke, A., Berge, N. D., Neubauer, Y., Titirici, M.-M., Fühner, C., Bens, O., Kern, J., et al. (2011) · Biofuels · doi:10.4155/bfs.10.81 · Cited by 1,756

A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications

Kambo, H. S., & Dutta, A. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.050 · Cited by 1,746

Chemical and Structural Properties of Carbonaceous Products Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Saccharides

Sevilla, M., & Fuertes, A. B. (2009) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.200802097 · Cited by 1,529

High resolution XPS characterization of chemical functionalised MWCNTs and SWCNTs

Okpalugo, T. I. T., Papakonstantinou, P., Murphy, H., McLaughlin, J. A., & Brown, N. M. D. (2004) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.08.033 · Cited by 1,527

Removal of Congo Red from water by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from coir pith, an agricultural solid waste

Namasivayam, C., & Kavitha, D. (2002) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/s0143-7208(02)00025-6 · Cited by 1,500

A review of the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste for hydrochar formation: Process conditions, fundamentals, and physicochemical properties

Wang, T., Zhai, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, C., & Zeng, G. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.071 · Cited by 1,365

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of rape straw and industrial sewage sludge – Applications of hydrochar for N and P adsorptions and for agricultural/horticultural purposes

Xu, C., Li, A., Xu, X., Yang, Z., Wang, G., Cheng, Z., Zhang, S., Li, T. T., Pu, Y., Lv, G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142154 · Cited by 19

Multifunctional Loblolly Pine-Derived Superactivated Hydrochar: Effect of Hydrothermal Carbonization on Hydrogen and Electron Storage with Carbon Dioxide and Dye Removal

Sultana, A. I., Chambers, C., Ahmed, M. M. N., Pathirathna, P., & Reza, T. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12203575 · Cited by 17

Advance in Hydrothermal Bio-Oil Preparation from Lignocellulose: Effect of Raw Materials and Their Tissue Structures

Zhang, L., Dou, X., Yang, Z., Yang, X. H., & Guo, X. (2021) · Biomass · doi:10.3390/biomass1020006 · Cited by 18

Sustainable technologies for biochar production

Bindar, Y., Budhi, Y. W., Hernowo, P., Wahyu, S., Saquib, S., & Setiadi, T. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91873-2.00013-3 · Cited by 16

Carbon microspheres prepared from soluble starch hydrothermal carbonization for extending thermal stability of water-based drilling fluid

Zhong, H., Li, S., Li, D., Jin, J., Chen, C., Mou, T., Qiu, Z., & Huang, W. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137391 · Cited by 16

Green Carbon for Clean Energy: Biomass‐Derived Hierarchical Structures in Energy Storage

Shrivastava, K., Gill, F. S., Juyal, S., Lal, M., & Jain, A. (2025) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Energy and Environment · doi:10.1002/wene.70007 · Cited by 17

Engineering properties of hydrochar fabricated from hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass: Practice as adsorbent and catalyst in water treatment

Prasannamedha, G., Kumar, P. S., Balasubramani, S. R., Parthasarathy, V., Deehen, A. D., Jananie, E., Lokesh, V., Shivani, S., Keerthana, S., Shivani, I., et al. (2025) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107739 · Cited by 18

Hydrothermal carbonization of Typha australis: Influence of stirring rate

Abdeldayem, O. M., Noman, M. A. A., Dupont, C., Ferràs, D., Ndiaye, L. G., & Kennedy, M. D. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116777 · Cited by 15

Analytical evaluation of the coupling of hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis (HTC-Py) for the obtainment of bioavailable products

Facchin, A., Küçükağa, Y., Fabbri, D., & Torri, C. (2023) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2023.106185 · Cited by 16

Adsorption of lead (II) in a single and multi-metal system by hydrochar from pulp and paper sludge

Nhambe, P., Patel, B., Leswifi, T. Y., Abdulsalam, J., & Gardee, N. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-024-06220-4 · Cited by 15

Integration of Air Classification and Hydrothermal Carbonization to Enhance Energy Recovery of Corn Stover

Islam, M. T., Saha, N., Hernandez, S., Klinger, J. L., & Reza, M. T. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14051397 · Cited by 15

Use of Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Thermal Power Plants in Chile: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Study

Carrasco, S., Pino‐Cortés, E., Barra-Marín, A., Fierro-Gallegos, A., & León, M. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14138041 · Cited by 15

Catalytic HTL ‐derived biochar and sol‐gel synthesized (Mn, Ti)‐oxides for asymmetric supercapacitors

Amar, V. S., Houck, J. D., & Shende, R. V. (2020) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.5938 · Cited by 15

Physical and Morphological Alteration of Sargassum-Derived Ultraporous Superactivated Hydrochar with Remarkable Cationic Dye Adsorption

Chambers, C., Saha, S., Grimes, S., Calhoun, J., & Reza, M. T. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-023-04326-2 · Cited by 14

Hydrothermal treatment of alkaline red mud and sewage sludge: formation of a soil-like matrix

Nan, H., Zhang, X., Yang, J., Jia, K., Cao, Y., & Wang, C. (2022) · Environmental Technology · doi:10.1080/09593330.2022.2162442 · Cited by 14

Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Capacity and Environmental Stability of Magnesium-Modified High-Sulfur Hydrochar: Greenly Utilizing Chicken Feather

Deng, W., Kuang, X., Xu, Z., Li, D., Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics12050356 · Cited by 14

Effects of biogas slurry on hydrothermal carbonization of digestate: Synergistic valorization of hydrochars and aqueous phase

Wang, X., Zhang, D., Wang, F., Zheng, X., Yang, X., Zeng, J., & Yi, W. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121317 · Cited by 14

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Green Harvesting Residues (GHRs) from Sugar Cane: Effect of Temperature and Water/GHR Ratio on Mass and Energy Yield

Portilla-Amaguaña, A., Barraza, J., Guerrero, J. S. P., Borugadda, V. B., & Dalai, A. K. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c01875 · Cited by 15

Sub- and Near-Critical Hydrothermal Carbonization of Animal Manures

Ro, K. S., Jackson, M. A., Szögi, A. A., Compton, D. L., Moser, B. R., & Berge, N. D. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14095052 · Cited by 13

Biochar‐Supported Materials for Wastewater Treatment

Chakhtouna, H., Mekhzoum, M. E. M., Zari, N., Benzeid, H., Qaiss, A. E. K., & Bouhfid, R. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119725237.ch7 · Cited by 13

Environmental remediation of malachite green dye from water using hydrothermally carbonized agro-waste biomass: mechanisms and optimization

Mahalaxmi, S., Kumar, P. S., Boobalan, C., & Rangasamy, G. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-024-06311-2 · Cited by 12

Facile synthesis of β-cyclodextrin-cyclophosphamide complex-loaded hydrogel for controlled release drug delivery

Zafar, N., Mahmood, A., Sarfraz, R. M., Ijaz, H., Ashraf, M. U., & Mehr, S. (2022) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-022-04567-7 · Cited by 12

Preparation, Modification, and Application of Biochar in the Printing Field: A Review

Li, X., Zeng, J., Zuo, S., Lin, S., & Chen, G. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16145081 · Cited by 15

Biorefineries at poultry farms: a perspective for sustainable development

Odales‐Bernal, L., Schulz, R. K., González, L. M. L., & Barrera, E. L. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/jctb.6609 · Cited by 11

Multicomponent transformation mechanisms in swine wastewater hydrothermal Carbonization: A molecular dynamics approach to process Optimization

Meng, T., Bai, Y., Chen, J., & Du, Y. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136489 · Cited by 11

Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Hydrochar Derived from Cattle Manure

Song, E., Park, S., Han, S.-K., Lee, E., & Kim, H. S. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15239195 · Cited by 11

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: advances, challenges, and future perspectives in soil remediation applications

Gao, J., Wang, Q., Yin, C., Su, J., Cao, C., Duo, J., & Duan, P. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108164 · Cited by 12

A comprehensive review on the chemical processes and catalytic mechanisms involved in the conversion of biomass to carbon materials

Tayyab, H., Liu, S., Zhang, H., Shen, R., Liu, Y., Jiang, J., & Li, B. (2026) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d5ta07323e · Cited by 10

Advancing Sustainable Biofuel Production from Agricultural Residues: A Comprehensive Mini-Review

Nisar, A., Hashum, K., Bashir, M., Mubeen, N., Younus, S., Mehmood, S., Haq, F., & Haroon, M. (2023) · Sustainable Chemical Engineering · doi:10.37256/sce.5120243763 · Cited by 10

Carbonization technology and application of biomass straw in metallurgy: Recent progress and future challenges

Shen, X., Zhang, Y., Han, Z., Zhang, Z., Yu, L., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2025.107608 · Cited by 10

Synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst from hydrothermally carbonized wood chips for oxygen reduction

Upskuvienė, D., Balčiūnaitė, A., Drabavičius, A., Jasulaitienė, V., Niaura, G., Talaikis, M., Pļavniece, A., Dobele, G., Voļperts, A., Zhurinsh, A., et al. (2023) · Catalysis Communications · doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106797 · Cited by 10

Preparation of carbon materials for supercapacitors in energy storage by direct hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose and pyrazine

Liu, C., Wang, K., Du, Y., Aleem, R. D., Shan, Y., Cao, C., Duan, P., Duo, J., & Ramzan, N. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109825 · Cited by 10

Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source

Pambudi, N. A., Firdaus, R. A., Ulfa, D. K., Nanda, I. R., Suharno, S., Syivarulli, R., Gandidi, I. M., & Sumbodo, W. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104831 · Cited by 10

Sulfate radical-based degradation of oxytetracycline with CuO/UiO-66 doped hydrochar: Mechanistic insights and toxicity studies

Kumari, M., & Pulimi, M. (2025) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.136869 · Cited by 9

Lignocellulose-derived carbon Nanomaterials: Unlocking sustainable solutions for waste management and water depollution

Induja, M., Thyagarajan, S., Mayildurai, R., Vaithiyanathan, R., Maruthavanan, T., Sarangi, P. K., Singh, S., Varshney, D., Sivaprakash, K., Durai, M., et al. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108102 · Cited by 10

A Sustainable Approach on Spruce Bark Waste Valorization through Hydrothermal Conversion

Bejenari, I., Hristea, G., Cărăușu, C., Mija, A., & Volf, I. (2022) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr10010111 · Cited by 9

Hydrothermal carbonization of Azolla biomass for derived carbon as potential sustainable materials for efficient photosynthesis in agricultural plants and as electrochemical electrode materials

Tithito, T., Phonphoem, W., Meekati, T., Sodtipinta, J., & Pon‐On, W. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-06101-3 · Cited by 8

Hydrothermal carbonization assisted lignocellulose derived formation of ZnO/hydrochar composites through morphology evolution for an efficient photo and electrocatalytic performance

Akhter, R., Hussain, S., Beura, S., Uddin, S. M. N., & Maktedar, S. S. (2025) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4nj04054f · Cited by 8

Investigating the Enhancement in Biogas Production by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Organic Solid Waste and Digestate in an Inter-Stage Treatment Configuration

Ferrentino, R., Langone, M., Mattioli, D., Fiori, L., & Andreottola, G. (2022) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr10040777 · Cited by 8

Hydrothermal carbonization of muskmelon exocarp for enhanced dye removal from an aqueous solution: A sustainable approach

Mahalaxmi, S., & Kumar, P. S. (2024) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100259 · Cited by 7

Bio-based raw materials for preparation of carbon nanostructures

Singh, A. K., Pandit, V. U., & Sonawane, S. L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13579-8.00010-3 · Cited by 7

Recrystallization Behavior and Mechanical, and Carbonizing Properties of Feather Keratin Resin Sheets Produced by Hot-Compression Molding

Kawahara, Y., Ohnishi, H., Asakawa, S., & Wakizaka, H. (2021) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B · doi:10.1080/00222348.2021.1887597 · Cited by 7

Lignocellulosic-based hydrochars: Synthesis, characterization and application in water decontamination

Sánchez-Silva, J. M., Aguilar‐Aguilar, A., Sangaré, D., & Ocampo‐Pérez, R. (2025) · Next Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100150 · Cited by 7

Sustainable valorisation of eucalyptus bark waste into microporous carbon materials for efficient CO2 capture

Saini, P., Sharma, S., Periasamy, S., Jampaiah, D., & Bhargava, S. K. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109242 · Cited by 6

Vapothermal curing of hemp shives: Influence on some chemical and physical properties

Karam, R., Becquart, F., Abriak, N.-E., & Khouja, H. (2021) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113870 · Cited by 6

Influence of chloride and propionate anions on properties of corn hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization and activation

Srilek, N., Aggarangsi, P., Pattiya, A., & Tippayawong, N. (2022) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-022-02460-x · Cited by 6

Comparative Production and Optimisation of Furfural and Furfuryl Alcohol from Agricultural Wastes

Adebayo, A. J., Ogunjobi, J. K., Oluwasina, O. O., & Lajide, L. (2023) · Chemistry Africa · doi:10.1007/s42250-023-00594-7 · Cited by 7

Virosome: A vector in vaccine delivery

Karpe, S. C., Gupta, K., Vyas, G., Rana, P., Khan, F., & Kumar, R. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248601020 · Cited by 5

Transfersomes as a Surfactant-based Ultradeformable Liposome

Sharma, A., Yadav, T., Tickoo, O., Sudhakar, K., Pandey, N. K., Gupta, P. K., Charyulu, R. N., Wafa, A., Rana, P., & Monika (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248601021 · Cited by 5

Performance assessment of a multiple generation system integrating sludge hydrothermal treatment with a small modular nuclear reactor power plant

Gao, X., Chen, H., Zheng, H., Zhang, Y., Wei, L., & Pan, P. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.134323 · Cited by 5

Bio-Coal: Hydrothermal Carbonization of Walnut Wood Chips with a Water-Tolerant Lewis Acid

Ercan, B., Ajagbe, Y. O., Uçar, S., Tekin, K., & Karagöz, S. (2022) · Wood Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00226-023-01479-1 · Cited by 5

Efficiency and Kinetics of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) Removal from Crude Oil Polluted Arable Soil using Palm Bunch Ash and Tween 80

Udo, G. J., Offiong, N. O., Nwadinigwe, A. O., Obadimu, C. O., Nyong, A. E., & Awaka-Ama, J. J. (2021) · Chemistry Africa · doi:10.1007/s42250-020-00219-3 · Cited by 5

Hydrothermal carbonization as an alternative sanitation technology: process optimization and development of low-cost reactor

Chung, J. W., Gerner, G., Ovsyannikova, E., Treichler, A., Baier, U., Libra, J. A., & Krebs, R. (2021) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.14306.1 · Cited by 7

Transforming Sargassum into Valuable Solid Carbon Materials: A Review of Synthesis Methods

Najdawi, A. A., & Kavadiya, S. (2025) · KONA Powder and Particle Journal · doi:10.14356/kona.2026018 · Cited by 4

Biomass-based ORR and OER electrocatalysts: methods of synthesis and cell performance

Ahmad, A., Muzammal, S., Khalid, H., Tariq, S., Sajid, A., & Bocchetta, P. (2025) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2025.146737 · Cited by 3

Generation of Electricity from Pool Wastewater Using Bio-Mass Based Activated Charcoal Electrodes Through Microbial Fuel Cell

Harini, S. K., Mahendran, R., Palanivel, J., & Varadarajan, E. (2021) · Chemistry Africa · doi:10.1007/s42250-021-00226-y · Cited by 4

Application of Biochar-Based Catalysts for Soil and Water Pollution Control

Jin, M., Zhou, Q., Fu, L., & Wu, W. (2024) · Topics in Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11244-024-01962-4 · Cited by 4

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Industrial Sludge: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives

Hidalgo, D., Urueña, A., Díez, D., & Martín-Marroquín, J. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58456-5_4 · Cited by 5

Impact of hydrochar in stabilization/solidification of heavy metal-contaminated soil with Portland cement

Firouzbakht, S., Gitipour, S., & Baghdadi, M. (2024) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-024-02298-4 · Cited by 4

Microwave-Mediated Hydrothermal Carbonization (MWHTC) of food waste for conversion-ready feedstocks

Ojewumi, M. E., & Chen, G. (2025) · Biofuels · doi:10.1080/17597269.2025.2454067 · Cited by 3

Exploring process variables and their impact on water treatment: an in-depth review of biomass derived hydrochar

Suhas, S., Chaudhary, M., Kushwaha, S., Chaudhary, S., Singh, M., Dehghani, M. H., Tyagi, I., Kumar, V., Memetova, A. E., & Gaur, R. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-025-06507-0 · Cited by 3

Biochar Production for Green Environment

Banerjee, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68502-7_21 · Cited by 3

Recent advancements of biochar additive for construction materials, formulations technology and sustainability

Kumar, H., Jha, M. K., Srivastava, N. K., & Sarma, A. K. (2025) · Innovative Infrastructure Solutions · doi:10.1007/s41062-024-01853-3 · Cited by 3

The Role of HCl-Catalyzed Sequential Carbonization in Producing Highly Carbonaceous Porous Biochar with Minimized Heavy Metal Content from Swine Manure

Yoo, S.-Y., Kim, S.-S., Ho, T. T.-T., Nadeem, A., Choe, K., & Lee, J.-Y. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18040948 · Cited by 3

Progress in preparation of plant biomass-derived biochar and application in pesticide residues field

Zhang, X., Zhen, D., Liu, F., Peng, Q., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Chinese Journal of Chromatography · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.10024 · Cited by 3

Activated hydrochar derived from coconut shell and microalgae through hydrothermal carbonization for the CO2 adsorption

Azmi, N. Z. M., Raman, A. A. A., Rashidi, N. A., Patah, M. F. A., & Buthiyappan, A. (2023) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1281/1/012018 · Cited by 3

Effects of hydrothermal carbonization process parameters on phase composition and the microstructure of corn stalk hydrochars

Zhang, Z., Shen, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Xie, Z., & Han, Z. (2025) · High Temperature Materials and Processes · doi:10.1515/htmp-2025-0079 · Cited by 2

Biochar as a Treasure Trove of Essential Nutrients: Combating Elemental Deficiency in Crops

Mondal, B., Biswas, J. K., Bordoloi, N., Moulick, D., & Majumdar, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0425-1_10 · Cited by 2

Physicochemical Conversion Technologies of Biomass for Bioenergy Production

Awogbemi, O., Desai, D. A., Kallon, D. V. V., & Akerele, A. U. (2025) · Turkish Journal of Engineering · doi:10.31127/tuje.1688455 · Cited by 2

Thermo-economic analysis of coal fired power plants - A comparative study

Wangnoo, K., Kumar, R., & Nikam, K. C. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0162958 · Cited by 2

Applications of firefly algorithm in hydrology

Heeraman, J., Bewoor, L., Bewoor, A. K., Kaliappan, S., Patil, P. P., & Socrates, S. S. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0163090 · Cited by 2

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass to produce bio-crude oil and hydrochar

Hu, Y., He, Q. S., & Kang, K. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15377-8.00006-0 · Cited by 2

Optimization of Microwave Hydrothermal Carbonization Conditions of Hydrochar for Ammonium Adsorption

Phan, K. A., Phihusut, D., & Tuntiwiwattanapun, N. (2020) · International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE) · doi:10.1109/icue49301.2020.9307105 · Cited by 2

Hydrothermal pretreatment of press mud: Characterization and potential application of hydrochar and process water

Bhowmick, S., Shastri, Y., & Garg, A. (2024) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.004 · Cited by 2

Trichoderma Mediated Mitigation of Lead Toxicity in Mustard with Special Reference to its Yield and Attributes

Kumar, P., Yaman, & Mehta, C. (2019) · Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research · Cited by 2

Domain Specific Text Summarization Using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Performing Visualization Using PylDAVIS

Bhardwaj, S., & Ghayathri, J. (2024) · International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Integrated Communication in Changing Landscape of AI (ICSCAI) · doi:10.1109/icscai61790.2024.10866589 · Cited by 1

Structural & Optical properties of LaCoO3 perovskites

Rani, K., & Rani, S. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0240307 · Cited by 1

Risk and return analysis of small capitalization indices: Evidence from national stock exchange

Chahal, P. S., Singh, M., Singh, M., Rayat, M. S., Rayat, M. S., Sharma, A., Abrol, A., Kumar, R., & Gill, R. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0245562 · Cited by 1

Hydrothermal liquefaction of organic solid waste to produce biofuel

Yang, T. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29291-0.00009-0 · Cited by 1

Influence of the initial substrate concentration on the products obtained during hydrothermal carbonisation of kitchen waste

Ślężak, R., Karpinski, W., & Ledakowicz, S. (2025) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115157 · Cited by 1

Integrated technologies for agro-waste valorization

Nargotra, P., Yadav, A., Sharma, D., Tsai, M.-L., Bajaj, B. K., & Sharma, V. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34015-4.00003-3 · Cited by 1

Sustainable use of carbon dots and hydrochar for food packaging and preservation applications

Rhim, J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-43940-7.00016-7 · Cited by 1

From waste to resources: Integrating advanced oxidation and hydrochar production for potassium recovery and carbon retention

Silveira, J. E., Duarte, J. L. D. S., Ribeiro, A. R., Casas, J. A., & Zazo, J. A. (2026) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134223 · Cited by 1

Imidazolium-based ionic liquid immobilized hydrochar: Surface engineering of distillers dried grains with solubles for enhanced adsorption of Cr(VI) and Tartrazine

Kaur, J., Kumar, S., Makvana, C. G., Bharti, R., Singh, A., Khajuria, A., Kaur, P., & Kaushal, S. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101202 · Cited by 1

Fuel potential and combustion emission characteristics of hydrothermal conversion products from kitchen waste

Zhou, Y., Liu, J., Li, J., Boré, A., Hu, M., Liang, J., Tai, L., Rahman, Z. U., Zhu, W., Liu, X., et al. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109510 · Cited by 1

Fuel quality improvement and energy performance through co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure and coffee waste

Min, K. J., Oh, D. Y., Lee, E., Lee, J. H., Kim, D. K., & Park, K. H. (2026) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1826146 · Cited by 1

Exploitation of Digestate in a Fully Integrated Biowaste Treatment Facility: A Case Study

Mastellone, M. L. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.92223 · Cited by 1

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products

Khalaf, N., Shi, W., Kwapiński, W., & Leahy, J. J. (2022) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.14863.1 · Cited by 1

Biochar as an Emerging Amendment for Remediation of Heavy Metals-Contaminated Soil

Verma, S., Kumar, M., & Kapoor, N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08830-8_19 · Cited by 1

Socialization and training on production of bio-charcoal made from biomass waste using a double-tube reactor

Mangalla, L. K., Sisworo, R. R., Sudia, B., Samhuddin, S., & Simatupang, M. (2023) · Abdimas Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Merdeka Malang · doi:10.26905/abdimas.v1i1.8996 · Cited by 1

Hydro-informatics for drainage management in a smart city using artificial intelligent, IoT and machine learning

Singh, R., Chhillar, S., Karthika, G., Pramila, P. V., & Puthilibai, G. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0163612 · Cited by 1

A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Ochradenus baccatus

Kumar, D. L., Patyar, R. R., Alsaadi, M. A. T. A., & Patyar, S. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248601019 · Cited by 1

Porous Composite Catalysts for the Removal of Water Organic Pollutants: A Materials Chemist Perspective

Snoussi, Y., Bhakta, A. K., Tang, M., Jlassi, K., & Chehimi, M. M. (2024) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48228-1_11 · Cited by 1

Empty fruit bunch hydrochars to adsorb malachite green from water - equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic

Supee, A. H., & Zaini, M. A. A. (2024) · Bioremediation Journal · doi:10.1080/10889868.2024.2362355 · Cited by 1

Hydrocoals from waste biomass via catalytic hydrothermal carbonization processing

Alper, K., Meng, X., Ercan, B., Tekin, K., Karagöz, S., & Ragauskas, A. J. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-06240-7 · Cited by 1

Exploring Tourist Attitudes and Satisfaction in Religious Tourism Through Neuro Marketing in Mandi District's Himachal Pradesh

Thakur, M., & Sharma, S. (2024) · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9117-4.ch015 · Cited by 1

Perspective Chapter: From Weeds to Wealth – Hydrothermal Carbonization for Transforming Noxious Broadleaf Weeds of Louisiana into Soil Amendments

Iqbal, M. A., Tarikuzzaman, M., Atique, M. S., Fatima, A., & Lynam, J. G. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1007555 · Cited by 1

Hydrochar: Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Contaminant Removal

Komalabharathi, P., Vikraman, V. K., Kumar, D., Boopathi, G., & Subramanian, P. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4921-9_51-1 · Cited by 1

TRICHODERMA MEDIATED MITIGATION OF LEAD TOXICITY IN MUSTARD

Kumar, P., Yaman, & Mehta, C. (2019) · Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research

Feasibility of spent macroalgae biochar for removal of Acid Red 88 (AR) dye from its aqueous solution

(2022) · Global NEST Journal · doi:10.30955/gnj.004322

Minireview of potential applications of hydrochar derived from hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

Fang, J., Zhan, L., Ok, Y. S., & Gao, B. (2017) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.026 · Cited by 633

Biomass Hydrochar: A Critical Review of Process Chemistry, Synthesis Methodology, and Applications

Ighalo, J. O., Akaeme, F. C., Georgin, J., de Oliveira, J. S., & Franco, D. S. P. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17041660 · Cited by 77

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass for energy and crop production

Reza, M. T., Andert, J., Wirth, B., Busch, D., Pielert, J., Lynam, J. G., & Mumme, J. (2014) · Applied Bioenergy · doi:10.2478/apbi-2014-0001 · Cited by 396

Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Valuable Tool for Energy and Environmental Applications: A Review

Maniscalco, M. P., Volpe, M., & Messineo, A. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13164098 · Cited by 236

A bibliographic study reviewing the last decade of hydrochar in environmental application: history, status quo, and trending research paths

Huang, J., Feng, Y., Xie, H., Wu, P., Wang, M., Wang, B., Zhang, Q., Zhang, S., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-023-00210-4 · Cited by 91