Lunar and menstrual phase locking
Abstract
In a selected population of 312 women, prospective menses records were maintained during the autumn of 1977. Women whose menstrual cycle duration approaches the cycle duration of the earth's moon (29.5 days) tend to ovulate in the dark phase of the lunar period. The dark phase encompasses the half-cycle of the month from last quarter, through new moon, to first quarter. Women showing irregular menses also tended to ovulate during the dark phase of the lunar period.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
No correlation between menses onset and the lunar cycle was found in studies that did not select for a cycle length of 29.5 days.
“However, no correlation between menses onset and the lunar cycle was found in other studies that did not select for a cycle length of 29.5 days [reviewed in (13, 14)].”
From Women temporarily synchronize their menstrual cycles with the luminance and gravimetric cycles of the Moon (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
Among populations of women selected for a cycle length of 29.5 ± 1 days, a significant pattern of menses onset at full moon emerged.
“Among populations of women selected for a cycle length of 29.5 ± 1 days, a significant pattern of menses onset at full moon emerged (13–15).”
From Women temporarily synchronize their menstrual cycles with the luminance and gravimetric cycles of the Moon (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
The paper's principal results are consistent with earlier studies on menstrual, mood, and sleep-wake cycles, which showed that humans are sensitive to the Moon's luminance cycle and synchronize with it.
“Our principal results are consistent with the results of earlier studies on menstrual, mood, and sleep-wake cycles, which revealed that humans are sensitive to the Moon’s luminance cycle and even synchronize with it (10, 13–15, 29, 39, 40).”
From Women temporarily synchronize their menstrual cycles with the luminance and gravimetric cycles of the Moon (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
Cites
Bünning, E. (1964) · Heidelberg science library · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1157-8 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Menstrual Synchrony and Suppression
MCCLINTOCK, M. K. (1971) · Nature · doi:10.1038/229244a0 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
(1977) · PubMed · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Blind Man Living in Normal Society Has Circadian Rhythms of 24.9 Hours
Miles, L. E. M., Raynal, D., & Wilson, M. A. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.910139 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
ELF and VLF Electromagnetic Field Effects
Persinger, M. A. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-9004-6 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Menstrual Periodicity; Statistical Observations on a Large Sample of Normal Cases
Gunn, D. L., Jenkin, P. M., & Gunn, A. L. (1937) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1937.tb14705.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Sexual behavior frequency and menstrual cycle length in mature premenopausal women
Cutler, W. B., Garcia, C. R., & Krieger, A. M. (1979) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(79)90014-3 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationLunar periodicity in human reproduction: a likely unit of biological time
Menaker, W., & Menaker, A. (1959) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)36803-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Die Einwirkung kosmischer Einflüsse auf physiologische Verhältnisse1
Arrhenius, S. A. (1898) · Skandinavisches Archiv Für Physiologie · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1898.tb00279.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The mechanism of coupling of the locust flight oscillator to oscillatory inputs
Waldron, I. (1968) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf00303060 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
EFFECT OF PHOTIC STIMULATION ON THE HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Dewan, E. M., Menkin, M. F., & Rock, J. A. (1978) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07649.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Synodic Monthly Modulation of the Diurnal Rhythm of Hamsters.
Brown, F. A., & Park, Y. H. (1967) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-125-32187 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The psychoneuroendocrinology of the ovulatory cycle of woman: A review
Cutler, W. B., & García, C.-R. (1980) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(80)90013-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationOsley, M., Summerville, D., & Borst, L. B. (1973) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(73)90048-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Independence of human menstruation on lunar phases and days of the week
Pochobradský, J. (1974) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(74)90695-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Helfrich-Förster, C., Monecke, S., Spiousas, I., Hovestadt, T., Mitesser, O., & Wehr, T. A. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe1358 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Lunar biological effects and the magnetosphere
Bevington, M. (2015) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.08.005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Association between lunar phase and sleep characteristics
Turányi, C. Z., Rónai, K. Z., Zoller, R., Véber, O., Czira, M. E., Újszászi, Á., László, G., Szentkirályi, A., Dunai, A., Lindner, A., et al. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.06.020 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lunar Cycle Influences Spontaneous Delivery in Cows
Yonezawa, T., Uchida, M., Tomioka, M., & Matsuki, N. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161735 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Reinberg, A., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1157083 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effects of lunar phase on sleep in men and women in Surrey
Della Monica, C., Atzori, G., & Dijk, D. (2015) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12312 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pheromones and regulation of ovulation
Whitten, W. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/45720 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Novel perspectives on the influence of the lunar cycle on the timing of full-term human births
Matsumoto, S.-I., & Shirahashi, K. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1785485 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cutler, W. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cutler, Winnifred Berg
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1980-08
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 834-839
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1549139482
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- lunar phases, menstrual cycle, ovulation timing, menstrual irregularity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Menstruation, Ovulation, Periodicity, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review