The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations
Abstract
A group of 23 healthy postmenopausal women received one or more 2-week courses of daily administration of the following estrogen preparations: piperazine estrone sulfate (Ogen), 0.3, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg; micronized estradiol (Estrace), 1, 2, and 10 mg; conjugated estrogens (Premarin), 0.3, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg; ethinyl estradiol (Estinyl), 10 and 20 micrograms; and diethylstilbestrol, 0.1 and 0.5 mg. Each dosage of each formulation was ingested by three women. In those women who received more than one dosage, each course was separated by a drug-free interval of at least 4 weeks. Pretreatment and posttreatment levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), corticosteroid-binding globulin-binding capacity, sex hormone-binding globulin-binding capacity, angiotensinogen, estrone, and estradiol were determined. The relative potency of these five estrogen formulations was determined by parallel line analysis for each of these responses, except LH. On a weight basis, piperazine estrone sulfate and micronized estradiol were equipotent for all responses. Conjugated estrogens suppressed FSH in a fashion equipotent to that of the other nonsynthetic estrogens; however, for all three hepatic parameters, the response was exaggerated twofold to threefold. The synthetic estrogens, diethylstilbestrol and ethinyl estradiol, were relatively more potent on a weight basis for every response and produced the most marked response (fourfold to eighteenfold in excess of their FSH suppression) for the hepatic parameters.
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In the citing paper
“It is a potent estrogen having up to 600 times greater effect on hepatic protein synthesis than natural estradiol (E2)”
From Ethinylestradiol in combined hormonal contraceptive has a broader effect on serum proteome compared with estradiol valerate: a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Mashchak et al., 1982
In the citing paper
“In the liver, COCs stimulate the synthesis of steroid-binding globulins, such as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), thereby affecting circulating, free steroid levels”
From Ethinylestradiol in combined hormonal contraceptive has a broader effect on serum proteome compared with estradiol valerate: a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Mashchak et al., 1982
In the citing paper
“EE increases SHBG, CBG and angiotensinogen multifold compared with estradiol (Mashchak et al., 1982).”
From Ethinylestradiol in combined hormonal contraceptive has a broader effect on serum proteome compared with estradiol valerate: a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Mashchak et al., 1982
Citations
Cites
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Book Review: International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Paton, W. D. M. (1967) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576706000438 · Cited by 312
Serum gonadotropin and steroid patterns during the normal menstrual cycle
Mishell, D. R., Nakamura, R. M., Crosignani, P. G., Stone, S. C., Kharma, K. M., Nagata, Y., & Thorneycroft, I. H. (1971) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(71)90927-6 · Cited by 264
Self-citationEggena, P., Barrett, J. D., Sambhi, M. P., & Wiedeman, C. E. (1974) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-39-5-865 · Cited by 71
Self-citationAn in vivo system in man for quantitation of estrogenicity
Moore, D. E., Kawagoe, S., Davajan, V., Mishell, D. R., & Nakamura, R. M. (1978) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90293-4 · Cited by 64
Self-citationAn in vivo system in man for quantitation of estrogenicity
Moore, D. E., Kawagoe, S., Davajan, V., Nakamura, R. M., & Mishell, D. R. (1978) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90294-6 · Cited by 57
Self-citationEffect of Several Estrogens on Serum Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women
Franchimont, P., Legros, J. J., & Meurice, J. (2009) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1094069 · Cited by 29
Quantitative relationships of the pituitary-gonadal axis in postmenopausal women.
Aj, W., Gross, M. A., & Ds, S. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 25
USE OF A POST-MENOPAUSAL SERUM POOL AS A REFERENCE PREPARATION FOR RIA OF GONADOTROPHINS
Nakamura, R. M., Nagata, Y., Osborn, C., & Mishell, D. R. (1974) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0750478 · Cited by 12
Self-citationIsaacs, A., & Havard, C. W. H. (1978) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1978.tb02214.x · Cited by 5
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Delaunois, 1972, vol. 2, 988
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Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Women
Watts, D. A., Sharp, H. T., & Peterson, C. M. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-375-0_25
Chabbert‐Buffet, N., Guigues, B., Trillot, N., Biron, C., Morange, P., Pernod, G., Scheffler, M., Brugere, S., & Hedon, B. (2013) · Sages-Femmes · doi:10.1016/j.sagf.2013.10.001
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Oktay, A., Torustag, I., İşman, F. K., & Ağırbaşlı, M. A. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15121548
Progesterone and Progestins in Women’s Health
Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89650-7_10
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Prevention of Chronic Disease
Mauvais‐Jarvis, F., & Lovre, D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89650-7_3
Hormonal Options for Perimenopause
Piasta, J., & Zewail, A. (2026) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000006436
Gwak, J., Lee, S., Cha, J., Kim, T., Lee, J., Moon, H., Khim, J. S., Escher, B. I., & Hong, S. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2026.127007
BindingDB (2020) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q22r3v43
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mashchak, C. A., Lobo, R. A., Dozono-Takano, R., Eggena, P., Nakamura, R. M., Brenner, P. F., & Mishell, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mishell, Daniel R.
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1982-11
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 511-518
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1593764750
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Keywords
- pharmacodynamics, postmenopausal women, micronized estradiol, conjugated estrogens, ethinyl estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, luteinizing hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, corticosteroid-binding globulin, angiotensinogen, estrone, estradiol, relative potency, synthetic estrogens
- MeSH terms
- Angiotensinogen, Diethylstilbestrol, Estradiol, Estrogens, Conjugated (USP), Estrogens, Estrone, Ethinyl Estradiol, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Menopause, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Transcortin
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