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Effects of smoking on fetoplacental-maternal system during pregnancy
Abstract
Fetoplacental function and maternal nutritional condition were assessed in order to clarify the mechanism of retarded fetal growth in pregnant women who smoked. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) loading tests and measurements of cotinine, which is a major metabolite of nicotine, were also made. In heavy smokers, urinary estriol and serum levels of human placental lactogen (hPL) were lower than those in nonsmokers. There was no difference in maternal nutrition between smokers and nonsmokers. Heavy smokers demonstrated a lower conversion of DHA-S to estradiol than did nonsmokers. Levels of cotinine in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood of heavy smokers were remarkably higher than those in nonsmokers. Microscopic examination showed atrophic and hypovascular changes in placental villi from mothers who smoked. These results suggest that retarded fetal growth in heavy smokers is due to impairment of uteroplacental circulation as a result of the vasoconstricting effect of nicotine.
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In pregnancy, women who smoke have lower estrogens than nonsmokers.
“In pregnancy, women who smoke have lower estrogens than nonsmokers (4).”
From Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro. (1986) · cites this paper as [4]
In pregnant women, cotinine concentration in the fetal circulation is 2-4-fold higher than in the maternal circulation.
“In pregnant women the cotinine concentration in the fetal circulation is 2-4-fold higher than the cotinine concen- tration in the maternal circulation (4).”
From Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro. (1986) · cites this paper as [4]
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Research works printed but not linked: 14
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- Kullander, 1971, A prospective study of smoking and pregnancy, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 50, 83, 10.3109/00016347109157292 · DOI
- Yerushalmy, 1971, The relationship of parents' smoking to outcome of pregnancy—Implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations, Am J Epidemiol, 93, 443, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121278 · DOI
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- Naeye, 1981, Influence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on fetal and childhood growth, Obstet Gynecol, 57, 18
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- Madden, 1976, The pattern and rates of metabolism of maternal plasma dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate in human pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 125, 915, 10.1016/0002-9378(76)90488-9 · DOI
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mochizuki, M., Maruo, T., Masuko, K., & Ohtsu, T.
- Affiliations
- Kobe University Hospital (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Mochizuki, Matsuto
- ORCID
- Maruo, Takeshi
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1984-06
- Volume
- 149
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 413-420
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2096399222
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 8.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- maternal smoking, fetal growth restriction, fetoplacental function, placental villi, cotinine, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, human placental lactogen, urinary estriol, uteroplacental circulation
- MeSH terms
- alpha-Fetoproteins, Birth Weight, Blood Glucose, Chorionic Villi, Copper, Cotinine, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estriol, Female, Fetal Blood, Fetus, Growth, Humans, Infant, Newborn, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Nicotine, Placental Lactogen, Pregnancy, Smoking, Toxemia
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