Smoking, maternal age, fetal growth, and gestational age at delivery

Wu Wen, Shi; Goldenberg, Robert L.; Cutter, Gary R.; Hoffman, Howard J.; Cliver, Suzanne P.; Davis, Richard O.; DuBard, Mary B.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90819-s

Cited by 172Prenatal Substance Exposure EffectsSmoking Behavior and CessationPregnancy and preeclampsia studies

Smoking, maternal age, fetal growth, and gestational age at delivery

Wu Wen, Shi, Goldenberg, Robert L., Cutter, Gary R., Hoffman, Howard J., Cliver, Suzanne P., Davis, Richard O., DuBard, Mary B.·1990·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

DOI 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90819-s

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Abstract

The relationship between smoking and maternal age and their combined effects on birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery were studied. Smoking lowers birth weight both by decreasing fetal growth and by lowering gestational age at delivery. However, the effect of smoking on both fetal growth and gestational age is significantly greater as maternal age advances. In a multiple logistic regression model adjusting for race, parity, marital status, maternal weight, weight gain, and alcohol use, smoking was associated with a fivefold increased risk of growth retardation in women older than 35 but less than a twofold increased risk in women younger than 17. Smoking reduced birth weight by 134 gm in young women but 301 gm in women older than 35. Smoking in older women also was associated with more instances of preterm delivery and a lower mean gestational age when compared to women 25 or younger.

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Authors: Wu Wen, S., Goldenberg, R. L., Cutter, G. R., Hoffman, H. J., Cliver, S. P., Davis, R. O., & DuBard, M. B.
Affiliations: University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Goldenberg, Robert L.
ORCID: Goldenberg, Robert L.
Cutter, Gary R.
Hoffman, Howard J.
Venue: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1990-01
Volume: 162
Issue: 1
Pages: 53-58
ISSN: 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90819-s
OpenAlex: W1966106098
Cited by: 172
References: 14
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 11.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N01-HD-4-2811)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Keywords: maternal smoking, maternal age, birth weight, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, gestational age, pregnancy outcomes
MeSH terms: Birth Weight, Female, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Fetal Growth Retardation, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Maternal Age, Pregnancy, Regression Analysis, Smoking, Pregnancy, High-Risk, Delivery, Obstetric

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Smoking, maternal age, fetal growth, and gestational age at delivery

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