The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hypochondriasis
Abstract
Hypochondriasis and other syndromes in which health anxiety is prominent are frequently seen in clinical practice and often pose problems of management. In contrast with other anxiety problems, the conceptualization and treatment of health anxiety has developed very little in recent years. Behavioural approaches to treatment have only recently been applied. In the present paper, current theoretical models are critically evaluated and a cognitive-behavioural approach is proposed to account for the development and maintenance of hypochondriacal problems. Principles of cognitive-behavioural treatment based on this approach are outlined, together with some suggestions for research.
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In the citing paper
“SSD, in turn, is very much in line with mainstream theoretical approaches to chronic pain and medically unexplained symptoms, notable examples being the fearavoidance theory of pain 3 and the cognitive behavioral model of health anxiety.33”
From Symptom Preoccupation in Fibromyalgia: Prevalence and Correlates of Somatic Symptom Disorder in a Self-Recruited Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“The cognitive-behavioral model of HA and hypochondriasis by Warwick and Salkovskis [58] postulates that the perception of normal bodily symptoms and their misinterpretation as harmful and as a sign of a serious illness as well as the mechanism of somatosensory amplification [59] lead to negative affect (eg, anxiety and worry).”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“Third, past research has shown iCBT reduces maladaptive cognitions and beliefs, but no studies have examined the impact of iCBT on other key cognitive (e.g., intolerance of uncertainty, body hypervigilance) and behavioural (e.g., safety behaviours and avoidance) processes thought to perpetuate health anxiety ( Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990 ).”
From Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Psychoeducation Control for Illness Anxiety Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990
In the citing paper
“The program followed the protocol for MBCT for recurrent depression as outlined by Segal et al. (2002) but was modified for HA in that it was informed by Warwick and Salkovskis' (1990) cognitive model of HA.”
From Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis): An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients' experiences (2011) · cites this paper as Warwick and Salkovskis, 1990
In the citing paper
“Third, cognitive-behavioural conceptualizations of HA have emphasized the role of heightened bodily focused attention in the maintenance of the disorder (e.g., Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
From Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis): An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients' experiences (2011) · cites this paper as Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990
In the citing paper
“However, for HA sufferers there may be less desire to alter one's life in order to cultivate a sense of mastery over their HA, since HA individuals' concerns are often about seeking and gaining medical attention and intervention (Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
From Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis): An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients' experiences (2011) · cites this paper as Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990
In the citing paper
“Disorder-specific cognitive-behavioural conceptual models of anxiety disorders have facilitated the understanding and treatment of anxiety in adults (Salkovskis, 1999;Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990;Wells, 1995).”
From Applicability of the intolerance of uncertainty model to Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in young people (2021) · cites this paper as Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990
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Changes in Free Symptom Attributions in Hypochondriasis after Cognitive Therapy and Exposure Therapy
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“The processing of intrusive thoughts is central to cognitive models of disorders such as OCD (e.g. Salkovskis, 1985), GAD (e.g. Dugas, Marchand, & Ladouceur, 2005), illness anxiety/hypochondriasis (e.g. Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990) and social phobia/anxiety (e.g. D. M. Clark & McManus, 2002).”
Zhao, F., Tong, X., & Wang, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635099 · Cited by 6
“In this context, the individual’s own underlying distorted beliefs about health are activated, becoming particularly alert to information and cues related to COVID19, and paying close attention to their own physical responses and a disastrous explanation of the slight physical sensations and changes and distorted perc…”
BackgroundConstruct validity and temporal stability of the abridged 31-item Illness Behaviour Questionnaire
Prior, K. N., & Bond, M. J. (2013) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2013.863885 · Cited by 5
“…by Prior and Bond (2013), the application of the cognitive-behavioural framework for health anxiety may also help to identify factors that influence the development and maintenance of excessive preoccupation with physical sensations (Salkovskis & Warwick, 2001; Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
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“…and fear), cognitive (dysfunctional beliefs, especially regarding disease conviction despite contrary evidence), perceptual (hypervigilance for physical sensations), and behavioral (avoidance behaviors, especially reassurance seeking; Longley, Watson, & Noyes, 2005; Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
Background12 Cognitieve therapie bij hypochondrie en andere somatoforme stoornissen
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“In particular, reassurance seeking has been identified not just as a symptom but also as an important factor in the maintenance of disorders such as OCD (Salkovskis, 1989) and health anxiety (Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
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Krankheitsängste und Hypochondrische Störung
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Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Hypochondriasis
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“Cognitive models of the disorder propose that dysfunctional beliefs about body symptoms and illness are the basis for the development of hypochondriacal concerns (Abramowitz & Braddock, 2008; Rachman, 2012; Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990; Taylor & Asmundson, 2004).”
BackgroundThe role of illness beliefs and coping in the adjustment to dentine hypersensitivity
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“Durch die Entwicklung kognitiv-behavioraler Störungsmodelle (z. B. Warwick & Salkovskis 1990; Williams, 2004) und daraus abgeleiteter Behandlungskonzepte konnten in den letzten Jahrzehnten in der Therapie der Hypochondrie beachtliche Fortschritte erzielt werden.”
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“Hypervigilance and distorted cog‐ nitions about health are hallmarks of health anxiety (Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990), and as such, it is not unreasonable to believe that parents with heightened health anxiety may experience a similar process with regards to their children's physical symp‐ toms and…”
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Moving on: a case analysis of process and outcome in person-centred psychotherapy for health anxiety
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“The most widely used psychological treatments for health anxiety are based on cognitive and behavioral models (Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
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“Warwick and Salkovskis (1990) have proposed an essentially identical formulation for hypochondriasis ; Lucock and Salkovskis (1988) have offered a cognitive formulation of social phobia; Salkovskis (1989) has applied the model to the treatment of obsessional ruminations; and Wessely (1989) has…”
MethodHypochondriasis or Health Anxiety
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“…whether this alteration in attentional processes could potentially serve as a transdiagnostic causal factor or if it is primarily associated with specific disorders such as panic disorder or illness anxiety disorder (Asmundson et al., 2010; Ehlers & Margraf, 1989; Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
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Cognitive behavior therapy for COVID-19 related distress
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“While avoidance helps to reduce distress in the short term, many cognitive behavioral models emphasize that avoidance maintains distress in the long term (Salkovskis, 1985; Veale, 2004; Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
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Worry and Other Mental Health Problems
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“Dementia worry can be conceptualized as a form of health anxiety and, as such, explained by the social cognitive theory of health anxiety (Salkovskis et al., 2003; Warwick & Salkovskis, 1990).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Warwick, H. M. C., & Salkovskis, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Salkovskis, Paul M.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1990
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 105-117
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2911986200
- Semantic Scholar
- 23ea1c589ed8ff10851ee82876c1d45b5db0abcb
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- health anxiety, cognitive-behavioral intervention, cognitive-behavioral model, behavioral interventions, anxiety disorders
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Humans, Hypochondriasis, Sick Role
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