Distribution and time course of protein extravasation in the rat spinal cord after contusive injury
Abstract
We have previously characterized a graded, spinal cord contusive injury in the rat. We have now used this reproducible model to examine vascular permeability to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after injury. The relationship between severity of injury and distribution of protein extravasation was evaluated at 3 h after injury. After mild injury, tracer was primarily confined to central gray matter and the ventral part of the dorsal columns. After moderate injury, protein extravasation was similar to that observed after mild injury, with the exception that the central hemorrhage included pericentral while matter and occasionally extended to the pial surface. After severe injury, reaction product (RP) was more densely distributed within the central cord and peripheral white matter. The axial extent of tracer at sites proximal and distal to the impact site increased with severity of injury. At 2.0 cm from the injury, no leakage of tracer was noted after mild injury. In contrast, after moderate and severe injury limited microvascular leakage of HRP was noted. Furthermore, after severe injury, in addition to local sites of microvascular leakage, intense RP was present in the dorsal columns up to at least 2.0 cm from the injury. The time course for re-establishment of the blood-spinal cord barrier to protein was evaluated from 3 h to 14 days after moderate injury. At 3 h to 1 day, protein leakage was maximal and coincided with sites of extravasated blood components, although was consis…
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In rodent studies, blood-spinal cord barrier disruption occurs within 5 min after spinal cord trauma, lasts for up to 28 days after the initial injury, and spreads along the entire length of the cord.
“On the basis of experimental rodent studies, BSCB disruption occurs within 5 min after spinal cord trauma (385), lasts for up to 28 days after the initial injury, and spreads along the entire length of the cord (441, 478, 644).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [441]
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- Authors
- Noble, L. J., & Wrathall, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University (US)
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1989-03
- Volume
- 482
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-66
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073138743
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS-2-3224, N01-NS-2-2310)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- spinal cord contusion, protein extravasation, blood-spinal cord barrier, vascular permeability, horseradish peroxidase tracer, microvascular leakage, hemorrhage, injury severity, dorsal columns, central gray matter, white matter, recovery time course
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Membrane Permeability, Horseradish Peroxidase, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Rats, Inbred Strains, Spinal Cord, Spinal Cord Injuries, Time Factors, Rats
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