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Cited by 1,081Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisMethane Hydrates and Related Phenomena

Reactive iron in marine sediments

Canfield, Donald E.·1989·Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
DOI 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90005-7
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Abstract

A combined field/laboratory study has been undertaken to explore the mineralogy, concentrations and reactivity (towards sulfide) of iron in marine sediments. Also considered is the importance of bacterial Fe liberation in regulating pore-water chemistry. Two contrasting marine environments are included; one is the relatively Fe-poor FOAM site and the other is the Fe-rich sediments of the subaqueous Mississippi Delta. Results show that oxide minerals are the most important Fe phases in early diagenetic pyrite formation. However, viewed separately, lepidocrocite and ferrihydrite are more reactive towards sulfide than goethite and hematite. When Fe oxides are present in relatively high concentrations, dissolved sulfide is nearly absent from sediment pore waters (with concomitant high concentrations of dissolved Fe), even in the presence of active sulfide production by sulfate reduction. A combination of experimental results and diagenetic modelling shows that in some sediments pore water Fe finds it origin in the bacterial reduction of iron oxides. This seems the case even though greater amounts of Fe are reduced by reaction of sulfide with iron oxides. It appears that distinct microenvironments may exist in marine sediments, where, in one microenvironment, sulfide reacts with Fe oxides locally precipitating Fe sulfide minerals. In another, Fe reduced and solubilized by microorganisms migrates freely into solution.

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  • Microbial sulfate reduction depends not only on sulfate but also on the availability and quality of electron donors, and pyrite burial depends on the reactivity and availability of iron.

    “Microbial sulfate reduction depends not only on sulfate but also on the availability and quality of electron donors (72), and pyrite burial depends on the reactivity and availability of iron (73).”

    From Rapid oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago (2016) · cites this paper as [73]

  • Iron speciation is predicated on determining the amount of Fe partitioned into carbonate, ferric oxyhydroxide, magnetite, and sulfide phases relative to total Fe.

    “Iron speciation is predicated on determining the amount of Fe in a given sample that has been partitioned into various phases -carbonates, ferric oxyhydroxides, magnetite, and sulfide -relative to the total amount in a sample; see Poulton and Canfield (2011) for a brief review.”

    From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Canfield, 1989

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. CANFIELD D. E. (1988) Sulfate reduction and the diagenesis of iron in anoxic marine sediments. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. 248p.
  2. PELCZAR M. J. and REID R. D. (1965) Microbiology. McGraw Hill, 602p.
  3. SHOKES R. F. (1976) Rate-dependent distributions of 2'ºPb and interstitial sulfate in sediments of the Mississippi Delta. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M, 122p.
  4. STUMM W. and MoRGAN J. J. (1981) Aquatic Chemistry, 2nd edn. J. Wiley & Sons, 780p.
  5. WESTRICH J. T. (1983) The consequences and controls of bacterial sulfate reduction in marine sediments. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale Univ., 530p.

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Authors
Canfield, D. E.
Affiliations
Ames Research Center (US)
Corresponding author
Canfield, Donald E.
ORCID
Canfield, Donald E.
Venue
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1989-03
Volume
53
Issue
3
Pages
619-632
ISSN
0016-7037 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0016-7037(89)90005-7
OpenAlex
W2035398133
Cited by
1,081
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 39
FWCI
23.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (OCE 8219580, OCE 8508472)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
Keywords
reactive iron, marine sediment, iron oxide, sulfide, pore water chemistry, diagenesis, pyrite formation, lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite, sulfate reduction, iron solubility, microenvironment
MeSH terms
Atlantic Ocean, Bacteria, Anaerobic, Ferric Compounds, Iron, Manganese, Mississippi, Models, Theoretical, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxides, Seawater, Sulfates, Sulfides, Water Microbiology, Geologic Sediments

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