Perinatal outcome in hypothyroid pregnancies
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To relate hypothyroidism to perinatal outcome. METHODS: A cohort of 68 hypothyroid patients with no other medical illnesses was divided into two groups according to the initial thyroid function tests. The first group had 23 women with overt hypothyroidism, and the second had 45 subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. We sought to identify the pregnancy outcomes of gestational hypertension, low birth weight, fetal death, congenital anomalies, maternal anemia, and postpartum hemorrhage. RESULTS: Gestational hypertension--namely, eclampsia, preeclampsia, and pregnancy-induced hypertension--was significantly more common in the overt and subclinical hypothyroid patients than in the general population, with rates of 22, 15, and 7.6%, respectively. In addition, 36% of the overt and 25% of the subclinical hypothyroid subjects who remained hypothyroid at delivery developed gestational hypertension. Low birth weight in both overt and subclinical hypothyroid patients was secondary to premature delivery for gestational hypertension. Except for one stillbirth and one case of clubfeet, hypothyroidism was not associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Normalization of thyroid function tests may prevent gestational hypertension and its attendant complications in hypothyroid patients.
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Untreated or insufficiently treated hypothyroidism in pregnancy increases the risk of impaired fetal brain development.
“Untreated or insufficiently treated hypothyroidism reduces fertility and, in the event of pregnancy, increases the risk of miscarriage and impaired fetal brain development (64–68).”
From Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2013) · cites this paper as [67]
Untreated or insufficiently treated hypothyroidism in pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.
“Untreated or insufficiently treated hypothyroidism reduces fertility and, in the event of pregnancy, increases the risk of miscarriage and impaired fetal brain development (64–68).”
From Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2013) · cites this paper as [67]
Untreated or insufficiently treated hypothyroidism reduces fertility.
“Untreated or insufficiently treated hypothyroidism reduces fertility and, in the event of pregnancy, increases the risk of miscarriage and impaired fetal brain development (64–68).”
From Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2013) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Leung, A. S., Millar, L. K., Koonings, P. P., Montoro, M., & Mestman, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1993-11
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 230-230
- ISSN
- 0020-6695 (ISSN-L)
- 0020-7292
- OpenAlex
- W2009905473
- Cited by
- 475
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, perinatal outcomes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, low birth weight, preterm birth, fetal death, congenital malformations, anemia in pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, thyroid function tests
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Hypothyroidism, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thyroid Function Tests, Cohort Studies, Incidence
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