Practice Bulletin No. 183: postpartum hemorrhage
Abstract
Maternal hemorrhage, defined as a cumulative blood loss of greater than or equal to 1,000 mL or blood loss accompanied by signs or symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours after the birth process, remains the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide (1). Additional important secondary sequelae from hemorrhage exist and include adult respiratory distress syndrome, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, loss of fertility, and pituitary necrosis (Sheehan syndrome). Hemorrhage that leads to blood transfusion is the leading cause of severe maternal morbidity in the United States closely followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation (2). In the United States, the rate of postpartum hemorrhage increased 26% between 1994 and 2006 primarily because of increased rates of atony (3). In contrast, maternal mortality from postpartum obstetric hemorrhage has decreased since the late 1980s and accounted for slightly more than 10% of maternal mortalities (approximately 1.7 deaths per 100,000 live births) in 2009 (2, 4). This observed decrease in mortality is associated with increasing rates of transfusion and peripartum hysterectomy (2–4). The purpose of this Practice Bulletin is to discuss the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage as well as its evaluation, prevention, and management. In addition, this document will encourage obstetrician–gynecologists and other obstetric care providers to play key roles in implementing standardized bundles of care (eg, policies, guidelines, and algorithms) for the management of postpartum hemorrhage.
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Kroh, S. J., & Waters, J. H. (2021) · Anesthesiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2021.08.009 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Zhang, X. Q., Chen, X. T., Zhang, Y., & Mai, C. X. (2021) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0000000000000887 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ruppel, H., Liu, V. X., Gupta, N. R., Soltesz, L., & Escobar, G. J. (2020) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1712166 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Vogel, J. P., Nguyen, P., Ramson, J. A., Silva, M. S. D., Pham, M. D., Sultana, S., McDonald, S. J., Adu‐Bonsaffoh, K., & McDougall, A. R. A. (2024) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2024.01.012 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Management of major obstetric haemorrhage
Trikha, A., & Singh, P. M. (2018) · Indian Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.4103/ija.ija_448_18 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Literature Review: Physiological Management for Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage
Almutairi, W. M. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9060658 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
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Optimal use of intravenous tranexamic acid for hemorrhage prevention in pregnant women
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Pregnancy and postpartum dynamics revealed by millions of lab tests
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Shock Index and Postpartum Hemorrhage in Vaginal Deliveries: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
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- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e168-e186
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2786382895
- Semantic Scholar
- 70dafd2c828372fe87567d6d264e7bb158f81531
- Cited by
- 1,406
- References
- 2,307
- Citations by year
- 2026: 152 · 2025: 174 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 163 · 2022: 152 · 2021: 174 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 17 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 111.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and fetal healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Blood transfusion and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- postpartum hemorrhage, maternal mortality, risk factors, prevention, uterine atony, blood transfusion, peripartum hysterectomy, Sheehan's syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, obstetric care
- MeSH terms
- Female, Postpartum Hemorrhage, Humans, Obstetrics, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, United States, Disease Management, Standard of Care, Maternal Death
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