Elevation of plasma tyrosine after a single oral dose of L-tyrosine
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After a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg TYR, mean plasma TYR levels are maximal after 2 h, rising from 69 ± 3.9 to 154 ± 9.5 nmol/ml.
“Glaeser et al. (1979) found, after the administration of a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg TYR, that mean plasma TYR levels were maximal after 2 h, rising from 69 ± 3.9 to 154 ± 9.5 nmol/ml.”
From Working Memory Reloaded: Tyrosine Repletes Updating in the N-Back Task (2013) · cites this paper as Glaeser et al. (1979)
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Jongkees, B. J., Hommel, B., Kühn, S., & Colzato, L. S. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.014 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“Plasma TYR levels peak between 1 and 2 h after consumption and can remain significantly elevated up to 8 h (Glaeser et al., 1979).”
BackgroundTyrosine supplementation mitigates working memory decrements during cold exposure
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“Gleaser et al (19) showed that plasma tyrosine concentrations increased to a mean of 203 µmol/L in response to large doses (up to 10 g) of extra tyrosine in healthy individuals.”
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Tyrosine for the treatment of depression
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Self-citationNutrition and the neurosurgical patient
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Oral tyrosine supplementation improves exercise capacity in the heat
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“Acute consumption of tyrosine, a nutritional dopamine precursor, increases the ratio of tyrosine to other large neutral amino acids (LNAA; leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, threonine, lysine, tryptophan) (Glaeser et al. 1979).”
BackgroundAromatic Amino Acids in the Brain.
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Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., Hommel, B., & Colzato, L. S. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.022 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Early research has shown that TYR supplementation, or a TYR-rich diet, increases plasma TYR levels in the blood (Glaeser et al., 1979) and enhances DA and NE release in the brain of rats (Sved and Fernstrom, 1981; Gibson et al., 1983; Acworth et al., 1988) and humans (Growdon et al., 1982; Wurtman,…”
InfluentialRasmussen, D. D., Ishizuka, B., QUIGLEY, M. E., & Yen, S. S. C. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-57-4-760 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Dietary tyrosine benefits cognitive and psychomotor performance during body cooling
O'Brien, C., Mahoney, C., Tharion, W. J., Sils, I. V., & Castellani, J. W. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.027 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Eating to stop: Tyrosine supplementation enhances inhibitory control but not response execution
Colzato, L. S., Jongkees, B. J., Sellaro, R., van den Wildenberg, W. P. M., & Hommel, B. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.12.027 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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“Maximal concentration of plasma elevation and cognitive effects are seen approximately after 1.5 h and are normalized after 6–8 h (Glaeser et al., 1979).”
BackgroundInfluentiall-Tyrosine ameliorates some effects of lower body negative pressure stress
Dollins, A. B., Krock, L. P., Storm, W. F., Wurtman, R. J., & Lieberman, H. R. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00278-d · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“No adverse effects of such treatment were noted (13,21).”
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Self-citationFood for creativity: tyrosine promotes deep thinking
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“The previous studies mixed the tyrosine either in water [2] or apple sauce [32], whereas we used banana-flavored yoghurt to ensure comfortable ingestion (see also [36]).”
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“In normal volunteers, a value of 223% of baseline plasma tyrosine concentrations has been demonstrated two to eight hours after ingesting 100 mg/kg of tyrosine in a single dose.”
BackgroundGelenberg, A. J., Wojcik, J., Gibson, C. J., & Wurtman, R. J. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90019-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationTyrosine supplementation in the treatment of maternal phenylketonuria
Rohr, F., Lobbregt, D., & Levy, H. L. (1998) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.3.473 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Plasma tyrosine in normal humans: Effects of oral tyrosine and protein-containing meals
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“This pattern and level (300 mg/kg) of dosing is similar to that used in previous tyrosine studies and substantially increases plasma tyrosine levels (Glaeser et al. 1979; Banderet et al. 1996).”
BackgroundThe influence of oral tyrosine and tryptophan feeding on plasma catecholamines in man
Benedict, C., Anderson, G. H., & Sole, M. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/38.3.429 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Tyrosine Ingestion and Its Effects on Cognitive and Physical Performance in the Heat
Coull, N. A., Chrismas, B. C. R., Watson, P., Horsfall, R., & Taylor, L. K. (2015) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000757 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Oral supplementation of TYR increases its ratio to other large neutral amino acids for competitive transportation across the blood–brain barrier, resulting in greater cerebral uptake and an increase in DA and NA synthesis (12).”
BackgroundCatecholaminergic modulation of the cost of cognitive control in healthy older adults
Froböse, M., Westbrook, A., Bloemendaal, M., Aarts, E., & Cools, R. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229294 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Note that the N-back task was performed shortly after drug administration, but before tyrosine-levels are expected to peak [27,40].”
BackgroundMethodJongkees, B. J., Sellaro, R., Beste, C., Nitsche, M. A., Kühn, S., & Colzato, L. S. (2017) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.02.014 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Participants came to the lab in the morning, having fasted since 10 o’clock in the evening prior to participation (Cuche et al., 1985; Glaeser et al., 1979).”
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4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain
Cansev, M., & Wurtman, R. J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30373-4_4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Plasma tyrosine concentrations among fasting normal humans vary between 50 and 80 mM (> Figure 4-5), (Fernstrom et al., 1979; Glaeser et al., 1979; Maher et al., 1984) depending in part on the individual’s prior protein intake (Fernstrom et al., 1979), and age (higher in older than younger women…”
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“presumably increases dopamine and noradrenaline synthesis capacity and release [65,88,89].”
BackgroundEffects of Tyrosine on Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
DiFrancisco‐Donoghue, J., Rabin, E., Lamberg, E. M., & Werner, W. G. (2014) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.12082 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid that is the major precursor to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is the first rate-limiting step in the synthesis of NE.(11) Individuals with PD have decreased activity of the enzyme TH.”
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Gelenberg, A. J., & Gibson, C. J. (1984) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/026010618400300305 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Fear expression is suppressed by tyrosine administration
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Food for Your Mind? The Effect of Tyrosine on Selective Attention
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“occurred two to three hours post-supplementation and approached baseline by eight hours [3].”
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“Tyrosine is an essential amino acid, which is the major precursor of tyrosine hydroxylase, which is the first ratelimiting step in norepinephrine (NE) synthesis [19].”
BackgroundIncreased dopamine availability magnifies nicotine effects on cognitive control: A pilot study
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“oral doses of 100 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg L-tyrosine (Glaeser et al., 1979).”
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“This duration is consistent with previous acute supplementation studies and is considered sufficient given the short-term metabolic and neurochemical effects of L-carnosine and L-tyrosine (18–20).”
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“phenylalanine [43] was similar to that achieved after subjects received the same dose of tyrosine [44].”
ResultAdministration of supplemental L-tyrosine with phenelzine: a clinical literature review
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L-Tirozin'in 131 I ile Radyoişaretlenmesi ve Radyofarmasötik Potansiyelinin İncelenmesi
Sarıkaya, M., & Enginar, H. (2012) · DSpace - AKÜ (Afyon Kocatepe University)
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“These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that plasma L-Tyr concentrations return to baseline after L-Tyr administration and do not accumulate in the body [40].”
- Authors
- Glaeser, B. S., Melamed, E., Growdon, J. H., & Wurtman, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Venue
- Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1979-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 265-271
- ISSN
- 0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081838105
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- tyrosine, plasma tyrosine, oral administration, amino acid uptake, blood-brain barrier, amino acid competition, dose-response relationship, adverse effects
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Blood-Brain Barrier, Humans, Kinetics, Tryptophan, Tyrosine
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