Effects of diazepam, pentobarbital, scopolamine and the timing of saline injection on learned immobility in rats
Abstract
The rat forced-swimming test (FST) is widely used for screening substances with a potential antidepressant effect. Rat immobility shown in the FST has been interpreted as "behavioral despair" and has been suggested as an animal model of human depression. In the following series of experiments, it is shown that pentobarbital and scopolamine administered immediately after the first phase, and diazepam administered 15 minutes before the first phase, behave as false positives in the FST. It is concluded that the learning-memory hypothesis seems to cope better with the behavior of rats during the FST than the "behavioral despair" hypothesis. It is also shown that the sensitivity of the FST is affected by the fact that the last saline injection, one hour before the second phase, increases the animals' mobility.
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Antagonism of mAChRs or nAChRs, or blockade of ACh signaling through nAChRs with partial agonists, can decrease depression-like behavior in rodents.
“Consistent with an increase in ACh leading to symptoms of depression, antagonism of mAChRs or nAChRs, or blockade of ACh signaling through nAChRs with partial agonists, can decrease depression-like behavior in rodents (Caldarone et al., 2004; De Pablo et al., 1991; Mineur et al., 2007; Picciotto et al., 2002; Rabenstein et al., 2006).”
From Acetylcholine as a Neuromodulator: Cholinergic Signaling Shapes Nervous System Function and Behavior (2012) · cites this paper as De Pablo et al., 1991
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- Authors
- De Pablo, J. M., Ortiz-Caro, J., Sanchez-Santed, F., & Guillamón, A.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Guillamón, Antonio
- ORCID
- Guillamón, Antonio
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-11
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 895-899
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087698327
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- forced swim test, immobility, diazepam, pentobarbital, scopolamine, false positives, antidepressant screening, behavioral despair, depression model, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diazepam, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Escape Reaction, Helplessness, Learned, Male, Motor Activity, Pentobarbital, Rats, Inbred Strains, Mental Recall, Scopolamine, Swimming, Rats
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