Sleep states and learning: A review of the animal literature

The function of dream sleep

Crick, F., & Mitchison, G. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/304111a0 · Cited by 865 · see citing works

Rearing complexity affects branching of dendrites in the visual cortex of the rat

Volkmar, F. R., & Greenough, W. T. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.176.4042.1445 · Cited by 513 · see citing works

Increases in cortical depth and glia numbers in rats subjected to enriched environment

Diamond, M. C., Law, F., Rhodes, H., Lindner, B., Rosenzweig, M. R., Krech, D., & Bennett, E. L. (1966) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901280110 · Cited by 419 · see citing works

REM sleep facilitation of adaptive waking behavior: A review of the literature.

McGrath, M. J., & Cohen, D. B. (1978) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.1.24 · Cited by 217 · see citing works

Effects of environment on morphology of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus

Diamond, M. C., Ingham, C. A., Johnson, R. E., Bennett, E. L., & Rosenzweig, M. R. (1976) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.480070108 · Cited by 192 · see citing works

Lengthening of REM sleep duration consecutive to learning in the rat

Lucero, M. A. (1970) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(70)90299-4 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Analyse des effets d'un apprentissage et de son niveau d'acquisition sur le sommeil paradoxal consécutif

Leconte, P., Hennevin, E., & Bloch, V. (1973) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90428-9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Augmentation du sommeil paradoxal provoquée par l'acquisition, l'extinction et la réacquisition d'un apprentisageàrenforcement positif

Hennevin, E., Leconte, P., & Bloch, V. (1974) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(74)90210-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Emotionality and REMD: A rat swimming model

Hawkins, J., Phillips, N., Moore, J. D., Gilliland, M. A., Dunbar, S., & Hicks, R. A. (1980) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90202-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Changes in paradoxical sleep accompanying instrumental learning in the cat

Lecas, J.-C. (1976) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(76)90066-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Sleep deprivation does not affect spatial memory in rats

Dodge, A. M., & Beatty, W. W. (1980) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03329582 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

About Sleep's Role in Memory

Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783 · see citing works

Hippocampal sharp wave-ripple: A cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and planning

Buzsáki, G. (2015) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22488 · Cited by 1,759 · see citing works

Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15)O PET study

Braun, A. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.7.1173 · Cited by 1,268 · see citing works

The role of sleep in learning and memory

Maquet, P. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062856 · Cited by 1,177 · see citing works

Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing

Walker, M. P., & van der Helm, E. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016570 · Cited by 1,087 · see citing works

Sleep, memory, and plasticity

Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070307 · Cited by 1,075 · see citing works

Dependence on REM Sleep of Overnight Improvement of a Perceptual Skill

Karni, A., Tanne, D., Rubenstein, B. S., Askenasy, J. J. M., & Sagi, D. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8036518 · Cited by 1,002 · see citing works

Retrieval and reconsolidation: Toward a neurobiology of remembering

Sara, S. J. (2000) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.7.2.73 · Cited by 919 · see citing works

Disruption of ripple‐associated hippocampal activity during rest impairs spatial learning in the rat

Ego‐Stengel, V., & Wilson, M. A. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20707 · Cited by 842 · see citing works

Sleep, learning, and dreams: off-line memory reprocessing

Stickgold, R., Hobson, J. A., Fosse, R., & Fosse, M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063530 · Cited by 762 · see citing works

Using mice to model Alzheimer's dementia: an overview of the clinical disease and the preclinical behavioral changes in 10 mouse models

Webster, S. J., Bachstetter, A. D., Nelson, P. T., Schmitt, F. A., & Van Eldik, L. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2014.00088 · Cited by 755 · see citing works

Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after training

Stickgold, R., James, L., & Hobson, J. A. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81756 · Cited by 715 · see citing works

The reinterpretation of dreams: An evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming

Revonsuo, A. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00004015 · Cited by 676 · see citing works

Emotional memory formation is enhanced across sleep intervals with high amounts of rapid eye movement sleep

Wagner, U., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2001) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.36801 · Cited by 605 · see citing works

A deficit in the ability to form new human memories without sleep

Yoo, S.-S., Hu, P. T., Gujar, N., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1851 · Cited by 597 · see citing works

The REM sleep-memory consolidation hypothesis

Siegel, J. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063049 · Cited by 568 · see citing works

Visual Discrimination Task Improvement: A Multi-Step Process Occurring During Sleep

Stickgold, R., Whidbee, D., Schirmer, B., Patel, V., & Hobson, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562075 · Cited by 560 · see citing works

Sleep Enhances Plasticity in the Developing Visual Cortex

Frank, M. G., Issa, N. P., & Stryker, M. P. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00279-3 · Cited by 523 · see citing works

Sleep states and memory processes

Smith, C. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00024-n · Cited by 473 · see citing works

Memory trace reactivation in hippocampal and neocortical neuronal ensembles

Sutherland, G. (2000) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00079-9 · Cited by 384 · see citing works

The sequential hypothesis of the function of sleep

Giuditta, A., Ambrosini, M. V., Montagnese, P., Mandile, P., Cotugno, M., Zucconi, G. G., & Vescia, S. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00012-i · Cited by 382 · see citing works

Sleep states and memory processes in humans: procedural versus declarative memory systems

Smith, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0164 · Cited by 355 · see citing works

Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on priming and spatial memory

Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3650571 · Cited by 364 · see citing works

Experience-dependent phase-reversal of hippocampal neuron firing during REM sleep

Poe, G. R., Nitz, D. A., McNaughton, B. L., & Barnes, C. A. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02310-0 · Cited by 318 · see citing works

Cerebral glucose utilization during sleep-wake cycle in man determined by positron emission tomography and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose method

Maquet, P., Dive, D., Salmon, E., Sadzot, B., Franco, G., Poirrier, R., von Frenckell, R., & Franck, G. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91099-3 · Cited by 292 · see citing works

Slow waves, sharp waves, ripples, and REM in sleeping dragons

Shein-Idelson, M., Ondracek, J. M., Liaw, H.-P., Reiter, S., & Laurent, G. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf3621 · Cited by 274 · see citing works

Pharmacological REM sleep suppression paradoxically improves rather than impairs skill memory

Rasch, B., Pommer, J., Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2206 · Cited by 259 · see citing works

The role of REM sleep theta activity in emotional memory

Hutchison, I. C., & Rathore, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01439 · Cited by 245 · see citing works

Dissociable learning-dependent changes in REM and non-REM sleep in declarative and procedural memory systems

FOGEL, S., SMITH, C., & COTE, K. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.02.037 · Cited by 246 · see citing works

Sleep and memory: a molecular perspective

Graves, L. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01744-6 · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Evidence for a paradoxical sleep window for place learning in the Morris water maze

Smith, C., & Rose, G. M. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02054-3 · Cited by 211 · see citing works

NREM and REM Sleep: Complementary Roles in Recovery after Wakefulness

Vyazovskiy, V. V., & Delogu, A. (2014) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858413518152 · Cited by 169 · see citing works

Brief Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Impairs Reference, but Not Working, Memory in the Radial Arm Maze Task

Smith, C. T., Conway, J. M., & Rose, G. M. (1998) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1997.3809 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

Sleep deprivation during a specific 3-hour time window post-training impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory

Prince, T.-M., Wimmer, M., Choi, J., Havekes, R., Aton, S., & Abel, T. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.11.021 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

The Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation and Brain Plasticity: Dream or Reality?

Frank, M. G., & Benington, J. H. (2006) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858406293552 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation selectively impairs recall of fear extinction in hippocampus-independent tasks in rats

Fu, J., Li, P., Ouyang, X., Gu, C., Song, Z., Gao, J., Han, L., Feng, S., Tian, S., & Hu, B. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.050 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation modifies expression of long-term potentiation in visual cortex of immature rats.

Shaffery, J. P., Sinton, C. M., Bissette, G., Roffwarg, H. P., & Marks, G. A. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00589-9 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Distinct modulatory effects of sleep on the maintenance of hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex LTP

Romcy‐Pereira, R., & Pavlides, C. (2004) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03808.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Evidence for 2-stage models of sleep and memory: Learning-dependent changes in spindles and theta in rats

Fogel, S. M., Smith, C. T., & Beninger, R. J. (2009) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.03.002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Different Roles for REM and Stage 2 Sleep in Motor Learning: A Proposed Model

Smith, C. T., Aubrey, J. B., & Peters, K. R. (2004) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.1018 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Paradoxical sleep increases predict successful learning in a complex operant task.

Smith, C., & Wong, P. T. (1991) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.105.2.282 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

How to become an expert: a new perspective on the role of sleep in the mastery of procedural skills

Fogel, S. M., Ray, L. B., Binnie, L., & Owen, A. M. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.10.004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Reconsidering the role of sleep for motor memory.

Cai, D. J., & Rickard, T. C. (2009) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0017672 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Effects of diazepam, pentobarbital, scopolamine and the timing of saline injection on learned immobility in rats

De Pablo, J. M., Ortiz-Caro, J., Sanchez-Santed, F., & Guillamón, A. (1991) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90411-g · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Correlations between paradoxical sleep and shuttle-box conditioning in rats.

Portell-Cortés, I., Martí-Nicolovius, M., Segura-Torres, P., & Morgado-Bernal, I. (1989) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.103.5.984 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Post-training intra-striatal scopolamine or flupenthixol impairs radial maze learning in rats

LEGAULT, G., SMITH, C., & BENINGER, R. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.02.010 · Cited by 21 · see citing works