Locomotor activity in morphine-treated rats: effects of and comparisons between cocaine, procaine, and lidocaine
Abstract
The effects of cocaine, procaine, and lidocaine on open field and spontaneous (actophotometer) locomotor activities were assessed and compared in rats (1) treated acutely with morphine (single injection), (2) made dependent on morphine (SC pellets), (3) implanted with morphine and withdrawn at the time of peak dependence, and (4) implanted SC with lactose-containing pellets (sham). Cocaine-induced (10 or 30 mg/kg) open field and spontaneous locomotor activities were significantly greater in each of the four groups than those of the corresponding groups administered saline. Procaine (50 or 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced open field locomotor activity in all morphine-treated rats and spontaneous locomotor activity in acute rats. Lidocaine (30 mg/kg) significantly depressed spontaneous locomotor activity in acute rats. Upon comparison of the activities induced by the three local anesthetics, open field locomotor activity of sham-implanted rats was greater following cocaine (10 or 30 mg/kg) than following procaine (50 or 100 mg/kg). Only morphine withdrawn rats manifested greater activity following cocaine (10 mg/kg) than following either procaine (50 mg/kg) or lidocaine (10 mg/kg); activities were equivalent in dependent and acute rats. In contrast, cocaine-induced (30 mg/kg) open field locomotor activity of all morphine-treated rats was greater than either procaine- (100 mg/kg) or lidocaine- (30 mg/kg) induced activities. Spontaneous locomotor activity of all groups except acute morphine was greater following both doses of cocaine than following both doses of either procaine or lidocaine. In acute rats, only cocaine (10 mg/kg, induced greater activity than the other local anesthetics. Thus, stimulation of locomotor activity following cocaine treatment is a pharmacological property unique to cocaine and not shared by either procaine or lidocaine. Further, the data indicate that the methods selected for assessing locomotor activity may not give comparable results.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Intraperitoneal administration of procaine induces conditioned place preference and does not increase but instead decreases forward locomotion.
“Interestingly, intraperitoneal administration of procaine, which induces conditioned place preference, does not increase but instead decreases forward locomotion (Wiechman et al., 1981; Reith et al., 1985).”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Wiechman et al., 1981
Cites
Gibson, R. D., & Tingstad, J. E. (1970) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600590338 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
XYLOCAINE for the relief of postoperative pain
Bartlett, E. E., & HUTASERANI, O. (1961) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-196105000-00011 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Reinforcing properties of some local anesthetics in rhesus monkeys
Woolverton, W. L., & Balster, R. L. (1979) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(79)90260-0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The reinforcing properties of procaine, chloroprocaine and proparacaine in rhesus monkeys
Johanson, C. E. (1980) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00431976 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Reinforcing properties of intravenous procaine in rhesus monkeys
Ford, R. D., & Balster, R. L. (1977) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(77)90027-2 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Administration of pellets of morphine to mice; abstinence syndrome.
Maggiolo, C., & Huidobro, F. (1961) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Intravenous Use of Xylocaine.*
Gilbert, C. R. A., Hanson, I. R., Brown, A. B., et al. (1951) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-195101000-00057 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Cocaine and lidocaine have similar psychological effects after intranasal application
Dyke, C. V., Jatlow, P. I., Ungerer, J. C., et al. (1979) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(79)90229-7 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pharmacology of Depression in the Aged: Evaluation of Gerovital H3 as an Antidepressant Drug
Zung, W. W. K., Gianturco, D. T., Pfeiffer, E., et al. (1974) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(74)71260-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The reinforcing properties of procaine and d-amphetamine compared in rhesus monkeys.
Hammerbeck, D. M., & Mitchell, C. L. (1978) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)31173-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Interactions between motor activity and stereotypy in cocaine-treated rats
Bhattacharyya, A. K., & Pradhan, S. N. (1979) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00433569 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Naltrexone, morphine and cocaine interactions in mice and rats.
Blumberg, H., & Ikeda, C. (1978) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)31329-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hunter, A. R. (1951) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/23.3.153 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gerovital H3 in the Treatment of the Depressed Aging Patient
Cohen, S., & Ditman, K. S. (1974) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(74)71288-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lesher, G. A., & Spratto, G. R. (1976) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1976.tb04071.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Analgesic Properties of Lidocaine in Mice
Moore, P. A., & Burney, R. G. (1979) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-197903000-00005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lesher, G. A., & Spratto, G. R. (1978) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00426884 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Motility effects of methamphetamine in rats chronically treated with morphine
Babbini, M., Gaiardi, M., & Bartoletti, M. (1978) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(78)90142-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Actometric effects of intravenous cocaine in rats.
Wilson, M. C., & Holbrook, J. M. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ikemoto, S. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.05.004 · Cited by 1,477 · see citing works
Locomotor effects of cocaine, cocaine congeners, and local anesthetics in mice
Reith, M. E. A., Meisler, B. E., & Lajtha, A. (1985) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(85)90078-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Abbas, W., & Masip Rodo, D. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19153274 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wiechman, B.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wiechman, B
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1981-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 425-433
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084809762
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- locomotor activity, cocaine, procaine, lidocaine, morphine dependence, morphine withdrawal, local anesthetics, open field behavior, spontaneous motor activity, locomotor stimulant effects, method comparison
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cocaine, Humans, Lidocaine, Male, Morphine, Morphine Dependence, Motor Activity, Procaine, Rats, Inbred Strains, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
