The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions
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In the citing paper
“This model provides a comprehensive framework for capturing the complexity of human emotions using only three dimensional values, making it highly suitable for predicting player experiences in games.”
From Generating Game Levels by Defining Player Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as Russell and Mehrabian 1977
In the citing paper
“The PAD model describes emotions along three continuous dimensions: Pleasure (P), Arousal (A), and Dominance (D).”
From Generating Game Levels by Defining Player Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as Russell and Mehrabian 1977
In the citing paper
“Another popular approach is to place a particular emotion into a space having a limited set of dimensions [15], [16], [17]. These dimensions include valence (how pleasent or unpleasent a feeling is) activation2 (how likely is the person to take action under the emotional state) and control (the sense of control over the emotion).”
From Survey on RGB, 3D, Thermal, and Multimodal Approaches for Facial Expression Recognition: History, Trends, and Affect-Related Applications (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationConflict, arousal, and curiosity.
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Research with the mood adjective checklist
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Distinguishing anger and anxiety in terms of emotional response factors.
Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A. (1974) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0035915 · Cited by 365
Self-citationPassingham, R. E. (1973) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(73)90086-7 · Cited by 350
DIMENSIONALITY OF THE SEMANTIC SPACE FOR COMMUNICATION VIA FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
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Individual differences multidimensional scaling of adjectives denoting feelings.
Bush, L. E. (1973) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034274 · Cited by 170
Semantic differential technique
Hooper, D. C. (1971) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/0037-7856(71)90042-4 · Cited by 167
Semantic Space is (Approximately) Bipolar
Bentler, P. M. (1969) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1969.10543067 · Cited by 112
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Self-citationThe dimensional analysis of a new series of facial expressions.
Engen, T., Levy, N. M., & Schlosberg, H. (1958) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047240 · Cited by 74
Mood, Personality, and Interaction
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A new series of facial expressions.
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
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- Mehrabian, 1975, Environmental effects on affiliation among strangers, Humanitas, 11, 219
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Russell, J. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077714 · Cited by 16,334
Self-citationCore affect and the psychological construction of emotion.
Russell, J. A. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.145 · Cited by 6,113
Self-citationPatterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion.
Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813 · Cited by 4,273
Toward a consensual structure of mood
Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.98.2.219 · Cited by 1,170
The Role of Emotions in Marketing
Bagozzi, R. P., Gopinath, M., & Nyer, P. U. (1999) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070399272005 · Cited by 3,349
Metadata
- Authors
- Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Russell, James A
- ORCID
- Russell, James A
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1977-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 273-294
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003653478
- Cited by
- 1,940
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 112 · 2024: 135 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 169 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 22.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Keywords
- arousal, emotional state, acquiescence bias, semantic differential, definition of emotion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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