The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions
Overview
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This model provides a comprehensive framework for capturing the complexity of human emotions using only three dimensional values, making it highly suitable for predicting player experiences in games.”
From Generating Game Levels by Defining Player Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as Russell and Mehrabian 1977
In the citing paper
“The PAD model describes emotions along three continuous dimensions: Pleasure (P), Arousal (A), and Dominance (D).”
From Generating Game Levels by Defining Player Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as Russell and Mehrabian 1977
In the citing paper
“Another popular approach is to place a particular emotion into a space having a limited set of dimensions [15], [16], [17]. These dimensions include valence (how pleasent or unpleasent a feeling is) activation2 (how likely is the person to take action under the emotional state) and control (the sense of control over the emotion).”
From Survey on RGB, 3D, Thermal, and Multimodal Approaches for Facial Expression Recognition: History, Trends, and Affect-Related Applications (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957) · Cited by 9,433
(1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,295
Self-citationConflict, arousal, and curiosity.
Berlyne, D. E. (1960) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11164-000 · Cited by 6,018
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Linear models in decision making.
Dawes, R. M., & Corrigan, B. (1974) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0037613 · Cited by 1,887
Cross-Cultural Universals of Affective Meaning
Carroll, J. B., Osgood, C. E., May, W. H., & Miron, M. S. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421762 · Cited by 1,154
Schlosberg, H. (1954) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0054570 · Cited by 1,096
(2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76516-5_4 · Cited by 792
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Mehrabian, 1972, Nonverbal communication, Vol. 19
- Mehrabian, 1975, Environmental effects on affiliation among strangers, Humanitas, 11, 219
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Russell, J. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077714 · Cited by 16,334
Self-citationCore affect and the psychological construction of emotion.
Russell, J. A. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.145 · Cited by 6,113
Self-citationPatterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion.
Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813 · Cited by 4,273
Toward a consensual structure of mood
Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.98.2.219 · Cited by 1,170
The Role of Emotions in Marketing
Bagozzi, R. P., Gopinath, M., & Nyer, P. U. (1999) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070399272005 · Cited by 3,349
Metadata
- Authors
- Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Russell, James A
- ORCID
- Russell, James A
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1977-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 273-294
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003653478
- Cited by
- 1,940
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 112 · 2024: 135 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 169 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 22.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Keywords
- arousal, emotional state, acquiescence bias, semantic differential, definition of emotion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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