The dominant-white spotting (W) locus of the mouse encodes the c-kit proto-oncogene
Abstract
Mutations at the W locus in the mouse have pleiotropic effects on embryonic development and hematopoiesis. The characteristic phenotype of mutants at this locus, which includes white coat color, sterility, and anemia, can be attributed to the failure of stem cell populations to migrate and/or proliferate effectively during development. Mapping experiments suggest that the c-kit proto-oncogene, which encodes a putative tyrosine kinase receptor, is a candidate for the W locus. We show here that the c-kit gene is disrupted in two spontaneous mutant W alleles, W44 and Wx. Genomic DNA that encodes amino acids 240 to 342 of the c-kit polypeptide is disrupted in W44; the region encoding amino acids 342 to 791 is disrupted in Wx. W44 homozygotes exhibit a marked reduction in levels of c-kit mRNA. These results strongly support the identification of c-kit as the gene product of the W locus.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The KIT gene is located on cat chromosome B1 and is primarily involved in melanocyte migration, proliferation, and survival.
“The KIT gene, located on cat chromosome B1 (66), is primarily involved in melanocyte migration, proliferation, and survival (67).”
From Comparative analysis of the domestic cat genome reveals genetic signatures underlying feline biology and domestication (2014) · cites this paper as [67]
Cites
Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate–Phenol–Chloroform Extraction
Chomczynski, P., & Sacchi, N. (1987) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1987.9999 · Cited by 65,240 · see citing works
Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
Chomczyński, P., & Sacchi, N. (1987) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2 · Cited by 47,092 · see citing works
A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity
Feinberg, A. P., & Vogelstein, B. (1983) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9 · Cited by 24,512 · see citing works
Screening λgt Recombinant Clones by Hybridization to Single Plaques in Situ
Benton, W. D., & Davis, R. W. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.322279 · Cited by 4,660 · see citing works
Human proto‐oncogene c‐kit: a new cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase for an unidentified ligand.
Yarden, Y., Kuang, W.-J., Yang‐Feng, T. L., Coussens, L. M., Munemitsu, S. M., Dull, T. J., Chen, E., Schlessinger, J., Francke, U., & Ullrich, A. (1987) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02655.x · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
Hereditary Anemias of the Mouse: A Review for Geneticists
Russell, E. S. (1979) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60549-0 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works
Moore, M. A. S., & Metcalf, D. (1970) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1970.tb01443.x · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Qiu, F.-H., Ray, P., Brown, K., Barker, P. E., Jhanwar, S., Ruddle, F. H., & Besmer, P. (1988) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02907.x · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Gene‐induced embryological modifications of primordial germ cells in the mouse
Mintz, B., & Russell, E. S. (1957) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/jez.1401340202 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
The identification, origin, and migration of the primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo
Chiquoine, A. D. (1954) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1091180202 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Platelet-derived growth factor and the regulation of the mammalian fibroblast cell cycle
Scher, C. D. (1979) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/0304-419x(79)90020-9 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Origin of Pigment Cells from the Neural Crest in the Mouse Embryo
Rawles, M. E. (1947) · Physiological Zoology · doi:10.1086/physzool.20.3.30151958 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Spleen-Colony Formation in Anemic Mice of Genotype WW V
McCulloch, E. A., Siminovitch, L., & Till, J. E. (1964) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.144.3620.844 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Alternative 5′ exons in c-abl mRNA
Ben‐Neriah, Y., Bernards, A., Paskind, M. P., et al. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90267-9 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Gregory, C., & Eaves, A. (1978) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v51.3.527.527 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Geissler, E. N., McFarland, E. C., & Russell, E. S. (1981) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/97.2.337 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationA family of unusually spliced biologically active transcripts encoded by a Drosophila clock gene
Citri, Y., Colot, H. V., Jacquier, A. C., Yu, Q., Hall, J. C., Baltimore, D., & Rosbash, M. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/326042a0 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
c-src gene product in developing rat brain is enriched in nerve growth cone membranes.
Maness, P. F., Aubry, M., Shores, C. G., Frame, L., & Pfenninger, K. H. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.14.5001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
An experimental analysis of the pigment defect caused by mutations at the W and Sl loci in mice
Mayer, T. C., & Green, M. C. (1968) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(68)90023-7 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Levy, J. B., Dorai, T., Wang, L. H., et al. (1987) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.7.11.4142 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Glaser, T. M., Lewis, W. H., Bruns, G. A. P., Watkins, P. C., Rogler, C. E., Shows, T. B., Powers, V. E. C., Willard, H. F., Goguen, J., Simola, K. O. J., et al. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/321882a0 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo closely linked genes in the mouse
Grüneberg, H., & Truslove, G. M. (1960) · Genetics Research · doi:10.1017/s0016672300000094 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Proof of whole-cell implant in therapy of W-series anemia
Russell, E. S., & Bernstein, S. E. (1968) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(68)90617-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Implantation of Normal Blood-Forming Tissue in Radiated Genetically Anemic Hosts
Russell, E. S., Smith, L. J., & Lawson, F. A. (1956) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.124.3231.1076 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Geissler, E. N., Cheng, S. V., Gusella, J. F., et al. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.24.9635 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationGiant granules of beige mice. A quantitative marker for granulocytes in bone marrow transplantation.
Murphy, E. D., Harrison, D. E., & Roths, J. B. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Russell, E. S. (1949) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/34.6.708 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Milbrandt, J., Azizkhan, J. C., Greisen, K. S., et al. (1983) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.3.7.1266 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Geissler, E. N., & Russell, E. S. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF W AND f GENIC SUBSTITUTIONS ON FETAL MOUSE HEMATOLOGY
Russell, E. S., Thompson, M. W., & McFarland, E. C. (1968) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/58.2.259 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A presumed deletion covering theWandPhloci of the mouse
Lyon, M. F., Glenister, P. H., Loutit, J. F., et al. (1984) · Genetics Research · doi:10.1017/s0016672300026367 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
POPULATION OF LYMPHOID TISSUES IN CURED W-ANEMIC MICE BY DONOR CELLS
Harrison, D. E., & Astle, C. M. (1976) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-197607000-00007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hemopoietic precursor cell defects in nonanemic but stem cell‐deficient W44/W44 mice
Barker, J. E., & McFarland, E. C. (1988) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1041350324 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regulation of hemopoiesis by bone marrow stromal cells and their products
Dorshkind, K. (1990) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.08.040190.000551 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Valent, P., Spanblochl, E., Sperr, W., Sillaber, C., Zsebo, K., Agis, H., Strobl, H., Geissler, K., Bettelheim, P., & Lechner, K. (1992) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v80.9.2237.2237 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Small, D., Levenstein, M., Kim, E., Carow, C., Amin, S., Rockwell, P., Witte, L., Burrow, C., Ratajczak, M. Z., & Gewirtz, A. M. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.459 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Montague, M. J., Li, G., Gandolfi, B., Khan, R., Aken, B. L., Searle, S. M. J., Minx, P., Hillier, L. W., Koboldt, D. C., Davis, B. W., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1410083111 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Effects of Aging and Niche Microenvironment on Spermatogonial Stem Cell Self-Renewal
Ryu, B.-Y., Orwig, K. E., Oatley, J. M., Avarbock, M. R., & Brinster, R. L. (2006) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.2005-0580 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Mutations in MITF and PAX3 cause “splashed white” and other white spotting phenotypes in horses
Hauswirth, R., Haase, B., Blatter, M., Brooks, S. A., Burger, D., Drögemüller, C., Gerber, V., Henke, D., Janda, J., Jude, R., et al. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002653 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Blair, A., & Sutherland, H. J. (2000) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00155-7 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The genetic and evolutionary basis of colour variation in vertebrates
Hofreiter, M., & Schöneberg, T. (2010) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0333-7 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Kosmider, O., Denis, N., Lacout, C., Vainchenker, W., Dubreuil, P., & Moreau-Gachelin, F. (2005) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.11.009 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
- Authors
- Geissler, E. N., Ryan, M. A., & Housman, D. E.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Housman, David E.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-10
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 185-192
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112811492
- Cited by
- 1,287
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 43.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA-17575, CA-07826)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 27882)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Mast cells and histamine
- Keywords
- c-kit proto-oncogene, mouse coat color, receptor tyrosine kinase, gene mapping, embryonic development, hematopoiesis, stem cell migration, anemia, sterility, spontaneous mutation
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Animals, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Hematopoiesis, Mutation, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Proto-Oncogenes, Receptors, Cell Surface, RNA, Messenger, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review