The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Kinesin heavy chain is essential for viability and neuromuscular functions in Drosophila, but mutants show no defects in mitosis
Abstract
The in vivo function of the microtubule motor protein kinesin was examined in Drosophila using genetics and immunolocalization. Kinesin heavy chain mutations (khc) cause abnormal behavior and lethality. Mutant larvae exhibit loss of mobility and tactile responsiveness in the most posterior segments, followed by general paralysis and death during larval or pupal development. Adults homozygous for a temperature-sensitive allele also exhibit a loss in mobility and sensory responses. The data indicate that kinesin function is essential and suggest that kinesin has an important role in the neuromuscular system, perhaps as a motor for axonal transport. The possibility of more general cellular functions remains open, but observation of embryogenesis and morphogenesis in khc mutants suggests that mitosis and the cell cycle can proceed in spite of impaired kinesin function. Immunolocalization suggests that kinesin may have some general cellular functions but that it is not a major component of mitotic spindles.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Previous studies with mutants lacking KHC in invertebrate organisms have all given neuronal phenotypes (Saxton et al. 1991; Gho et al. 1992; Patel et al. 1993; Hurd and Saxton 1996), suggesting that kinesin-I plays a primary role in neuronal transport.”
From Defective kinesin heavy chain behavior in mouse kinesin light chain mutants (1999) · cites this paper as Saxton et al. 1991
In the citing paper
“Genetic studies in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice have failed to identify the primary cargo of conventional kinesin although, they have demonstrated that kinesin is required for axonal transport in neuronal cells (Saxton et al. 1991; Gho et al. 1992; Patel et al. 1993; Hurd and Saxton 1996; Hurd et al. 1996; Gindhart et al. 1998; Tanaka et al. 1998; Rahman et al. 1999).”
From Cargo of kinesin identified as JIP scaffolding proteins and associated signaling molecules (2001) · cites this paper as Saxton et al. 1991
Citations
Cites
Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster.
Lindsley, D. L., & Grell, E. H. (1968) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.10755360 · Cited by 2,623
Identification of a novel force-generating protein, kinesin, involved in microtubule-based motility
VALE, R., REESE, T., & SHEETZ, M. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80099-4 · Cited by 1,993
Transposition of Cloned P Elements into Drosophila Germ Line Chromosomes
Spradling, A. C., & Rubin, G. M. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6289435 · Cited by 1,563
A stable genomic source of P element transposase in Drosophila melanogaster.
Robertson, H. M., Preston, C. R., Phillis, R. W., Johnson-Schlitz, D. M., Benz, W. K., & Engels, W. R. (1988) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/118.3.461 · Cited by 1,333
Foe, V. E., & Alberts, B. (1983) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.61.1.31 · Cited by 1,056
Properties of the larval neuromuscular junction in Drosophila melanogaster.
Jan, L. Y., & Jan, Y. N. (1976) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011592 · Cited by 557
KAR3, a kinesin-related gene required for yeast nuclear fusion
Meluh, P. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90351-e · Cited by 503
Hirokawa, N., Pfister, K. K., Yorifuji, H., Wagner, M. C., Brady, S. T., & Bloom, G. S. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90691-0 · Cited by 477
Vectors for P-Mediated Transformation in Drosophila
Pirrotta, V. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-409-90042-2.50028-3 · Cited by 402
Mutation of a gene that encodes a kinesin-like protein blocks nuclear division in A. nidulans
Enos, A. P., & Morris, N. R. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90350-n · Cited by 401
Yang, J. T., Laymon, R. A., & Goldstein, L. S. B. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90692-2 · Cited by 395
Single microtubules from squid axoplasm support bidirectional movement of organelles
Schnapp, B. J., Vale, R. D., Sheetz, M. P., & Reese, T. S. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90160-6 · Cited by 360
Organization of the cytoskeleton in early Drosophila embryos.
Karr, T. L., & Alberts, B. (1986) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.102.4.1494 · Cited by 355
Novel potential mitotic motor protein encoded by the fission yeast cut7+ gene
Hagan, I., & Yanagida, M. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/347563a0 · Cited by 353
The Drosophila claret segregation protein is a minus-end directed motor molecule
Walker, R. A., Salmon, E. D., & Endow, S. A. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/347780a0 · Cited by 347
The kinesin-like ncd protein of Drosophila is a minus end-directed microtubule motor
McDonald, H. B., Stewart, R. J., & Goldstein, L. S. B. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90412-8 · Cited by 342
Fast Axonal Transport in Extruded Axoplasm from Squid Giant Axon
Brady, S. T., Lasek, R. J., & ALLEN, R. D. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6183745 · Cited by 339
Madhavan, M., & Schneiderman, H. A. (1977) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf00848459 · Cited by 321
Scholey, J. M., Porter, M. E., Grissom, P. M., & McIntosh, J. R. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/318483a0 · Cited by 304
Radial extension of macrophage tubular lysosomes supported by kinesin
Hollenbeck, P. J., & Swanson, J. A. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346864a0 · Cited by 295
Bloom, G. S., Wagner, M. C., Pfister, K. K., & Brady, S. T. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00409a043 · Cited by 284
Brady, S. T., Pfister, K. K., & Bloom, G. S. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.3.1061 · Cited by 238
Identification of globular mechanochemical heads of kinesin
Scholey, J. M., Heuser, J., Yang, J. T., & Goldstein, L. S. B. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/338355a0 · Cited by 228
Endow, S. A., Henikoff, S., & Soler-Niedziela, L. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/345081a0 · Cited by 227
Evidence that the Head of Kinesin Is Sufficient for Force Generation and Motility in Vitro
Yang, J. T., Saxton, W. M., Stewart, R. J., Raff, E. C., & Goldstein, L. S. B. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2142332 · Cited by 225
A kinesin-like protein required for distributive chromosome segregation in Drosophila
Zhang, P., Knowles, B. A., Goldstein, L. S. B., & Hawley, R. S. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90383-p · Cited by 207
MOTOR PROTEINS OF CYTOPLASMIC MICROTUBULES
Vallee, R. B., & Shpetner, H. S. (1990) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.004401 · Cited by 196
The quaternary structure of bovine brain kinesin.
Kuznetsov, S., Vaisberg, E. A., Shanina, N. A., Magretova, N. N., Chernyak, V. Y., & Gelfand, V. I. (1988) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02820.x · Cited by 183
Identification and characterization of a gene encoding a kinesin-like protein in Drosophila
McDonald, H. B., & Goldstein, L. S. B. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90064-l · Cited by 174
Ecdysone-stimulated RNA synthesis in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster
Bonner, J. J., & Pardue, M. L. (1976) · Chromosoma · doi:10.1007/bf00293443 · Cited by 161
Fyrberg, E. A., Kelly, M., Ball, E., Fyrberg, C. C., & Reedy, M. C. (1990) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.110.6.1999 · Cited by 135
One motor, many tails: An expanding repertoire of force-generating enzymes
Vale, R. D. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90334-b · Cited by 135
Drosophila kinesin: characterization of microtubule motility and ATPase.
Saxton, W. M., Porter, M. E., Cohn, S. A., Scholey, J. M., Raff, E. C., & McIntosh, J. R. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.4.1109 · Cited by 116
Quantitative analysis of sea urchin egg kinesin-driven microtubule motility
Cohn, S. A., Ingold, A. L., & Scholey, J. M. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83738-3 · Cited by 107
Anstrom, J. A., Chin, J. E., Leaf, D. S., Parks, A. L., & Raff, R. A. (1987) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.101.2.255 · Cited by 104
Kinesin from pig brain studied by electron microscopy
Amos, L. (1987) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.87.1.105 · Cited by 99
Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the heavy chain of Drosophila kinesin.
Yang, J. T., Saxton, W. M., & Goldstein, L. S. B. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.6.1864 · Cited by 93
Enzymes for Microtubule-dependent Motility
McIntosh, J. R., & Porter, M. E. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83300-2 · Cited by 80
The Cytoskeleton Of The Early Drosophila Embryo
Warn, R. M. (1986) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.1986.supplement_5.20 · Cited by 54
Molecular analysis of recombination events in Drosophila.
Curtis, D., Clark, S. H., Chovnick, A., & Bender, W. W. (1989) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/122.3.653 · Cited by 47
[11] Two-dimensional electrophoretic separation of restriction enzyme fragments of DNA
Fischer, S. G., & Lerman, L. S. (1979) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(79)68013-8 · Cited by 38
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Lindsley, 1985, The genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Part 1, Dros. Inf. Serv., 62
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kinesin and Dynein Superfamily Proteins and the Mechanism of Organelle Transport
Hirokawa, N. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5350.519 · Cited by 1,689
The axonal transport of mitochondria
Saxton, W. M., & Hollenbeck, P. J. (2012) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.053850 · Cited by 1,218
The axonal transport of mitochondria
Hollenbeck, P. J., & Saxton, W. M. (2005) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02745 · Cited by 771
All kinesin superfamily protein, KIF, genes in mouse and human
Miki, H., Setou, M., Kaneshiro, K., & Hirokawa, N. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.111145398 · Cited by 712
Pilling, A. D., Horiuchi, D., Lively, C. M., & Saxton, W. M. (2006) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-06-0526 · Cited by 696
Metadata
- Authors
- Saxton, W. M., Hicks, J., Goldstein, L. S. B., & Raff, E. C.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-03
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1093-1102
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996061686
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hd016739-13)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 16739)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- kinesin heavy chain, microtubule motor proteins, Drosophila, lethality, neuromuscular function, axonal transport, mitosis, mitotic spindle, embryonic development, morphogenesis, temperature-sensitive mutants, larval locomotion, sensory responses
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphatases, Alleles, Animals, Drosophila, Immunohistochemistry, Larva, Microtubule Proteins, Mitosis, Motor Activity, Mutation, Kinesins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
