The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ethnic identity in college students from four ethnic groups
Abstract
Research on adolescent identity development within Erikson's (1968) framework has not included ethnicity. This study examined ethnic identity search and commitment, the importance of ethnicity as an identity issue, and relationship of ethnic identity to self‐esteem among college students. Questionnaires were given to 196 male and female urban college students from three minority groups (Asian‐American, Black, and Mexican‐American) and a comparison White group. Exploration of ethnic identity issues was significantly higher among minority group, compared to majority group, college students. Ethnicity was considered to be as important as two other traditionally studied areas of identity and was rated as significantly more important by minorities than by Whites. Self‐esteem, especially for minority subjects was related to the extent that subjects had thought about and resolved issues involving their ethnicity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Development and validation of ego-identity status.
Marcia, J. E. (1966) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0023281 · Cited by 5,172
Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research.
Phinney, J. S. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499 · Cited by 3,798
Self-citation
Cited by
The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups
Phinney, J. S. (1992) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/074355489272003 · Cited by 3,813
Self-citationSteinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83 · Cited by 2,517
Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions.
Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271 · Cited by 2,127
Self-citationMultidimensional Model of Racial Identity: A Reconceptualization of African American Racial Identity
Sellers, R. M., Smith, M. A., Shelton, J. N., Rowley, S. A. J., & Chavous, T. M. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_2 · Cited by 1,748
When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean?
Phinney, J. S. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.9.918 · Cited by 1,147
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Phinney, J. S., & Alipuria, L. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescence
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-06
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 171-183
- ISSN
- 0140-1971 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9254
- OpenAlex
- W1996639089
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 15.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Ethnic identity in college students from four ethnic groups. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0140-1971(90)90006-s
- The paper
- Phinney, J. S., & Alipuria, L. L. (1990). Ethnic identity in college students from four ethnic groups. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1971(90)90006-s
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.