The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ethnic identity and self‐esteem: an exploratory longitudinal study
Abstract
Recent models of ethnic identity formation in minority youth suggest a progression over time from an unexamined or diffuse stage to an achieved ethnic identity. To examine changes with age in ethnic identity and selfesteem, eighteen adolescents from three ethnic groups (Asian American, Black, and Hispanic) were assessed at age 16 and three years later. Results of this exploratory study showed a significant change to higher stages of ethnic identity over the three‐year period. Self‐esteem and ethnic identity were significantly related to each other at each time period and across the three‐year time span.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research.
Phinney, J. S. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499 · Cited by 3,798
Self-citationSelf-Esteem and Adolescent Problems: Modeling Reciprocal Effects
Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1989) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095720 · Cited by 843
Cited by
The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups
Phinney, J. S. (1992) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/074355489272003 · Cited by 3,813
Self-citationConceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions.
Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271 · Cited by 2,127
Self-citationIndigenous health part 2: the underlying causes of the health gap
King, M., Smith, A., & Gracey, M. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60827-8 · Cited by 1,469
Coping with Perceived Discrimination: Does Ethnic Identity Protect Mental Health?
Mossakowski, K. N. (2003) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/1519782 · Cited by 793
Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: a meta-analysis
Smith, T. B., & Silva, L. (2011) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021528 · Cited by 779
Metadata
- Authors
- Phinney, J. S., & Chavira, V.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescence
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 271-281
- ISSN
- 0140-1971 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9254
- OpenAlex
- W2003452504
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Ethnic identity and self‐esteem: an exploratory longitudinal study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0140-1971(92)90030-9
- The paper
- Phinney, J. S., & Chavira, V. (1992). Ethnic identity and self‐esteem: an exploratory longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1971(92)90030-9
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
