The effectiveness of victimization prevention instruction: An evaluation of children's responses to actual threats and assaults
Abstract
This study examined whether instruction in school and at home about how to prevent victimization has any impact on children's behavior in situations of real victimization threat. Telephone interviews were conducted in 1992 with a nationally representative sample of 2,000 youths age 10 to 16 and their caretakers. More comprehensive school programs had mixed, small but overall positive effects. Children exposed to such school-based prevention programs performed better on a short test of knowledge about sexual victimization; when victimized or threatened were more likely to use the self-protection strategies recommended by prevention educators; were more likely to feel that they had been successful in protecting themselves; and were more likely to disclose to someone about the victimization attempts. They were not better able to limit the seriousness of the assaults and, in fact, they experienced more injuries in the course of sexual assaults. Comprehensive parental instruction also had positive effects on knowledge, the use of preferred self-protection strategies and the likelihood of disclosure. Children with comprehensive parental instruction were more likely to limit the seriousness of assaults.
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Child-focused prevention education may increase CSA disclosures.
“These findings offer evidence that child-focused prevention education may increase CSA disclosures and are consistent with the few studies to find that receipt of CSA prevention education is associated with more disclosures (Finkelhor et al., 1995; Gibson & Leitenberg, 2000; Oldfield et al., 1996).”
From Child abuse prevention education policies increase reports of child sexual abuse (2022) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al., 1995
Youth who participated in prevention education were more likely to disclose their victimization than youth who did not participate in prevention education.
“Youth who participated in prevention education were more likely to disclose their victimization than youth who did not participate in prevention education.”
From Child abuse prevention education policies increase reports of child sexual abuse (2022) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al., 1995
Finkelhor et al. (1995) found participants who received comprehensive PLSAE had more knowledge, used more self-protection strategies, and were more likely to disclose sexual victimization, but were not able to prevent sexual assaults.
“Participants who received comprehensive PLSAE had more knowledge, used more self-protection strategies, and were more likely to disclose sexual victimization, however they were not able to prevent sexual assaults.”
From Recall of sexual abuse prevention education at school and home: Associations with sexual abuse experience, disclosure, protective parenting, and knowledge (2022) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al., 1995
Finkelhor et al. (1995) found 57% of participants had received CSA information from their parents and 36% reported comprehensive education from their parents.
“found 57% of participants had received CSA information from their parents and 36% reported comprehensive education from their parents.”
From Recall of sexual abuse prevention education at school and home: Associations with sexual abuse experience, disclosure, protective parenting, and knowledge (2022) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al., 1995
Only one previous study has assessed PLSAE and subsequent sexual victimization.
“To the best of our knowledge, only one previous study has assessed PLSAE and subsequent sexual victimization.”
From Recall of sexual abuse prevention education at school and home: Associations with sexual abuse experience, disclosure, protective parenting, and knowledge (2022) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al., 1995
The current study's PLSAE rate is considerably higher than the PLSAE reported by the young people in the Finkelhor et al. (1995) study.
“This rate is considerably higher than the PLSAE reported by the young people in the Finkelhor et al., (1995) study.”
From Recall of sexual abuse prevention education at school and home: Associations with sexual abuse experience, disclosure, protective parenting, and knowledge (2022) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al., (1995)
Only one previous study has examined the relationship between PLSAE and CSA experience (Finkelhor et al., 1995).
“Only one previous study has examined the relationship between PLSAE and CSA experience (Finkelhor et al., 1995).”
From Recall of sexual abuse prevention education at school and home: Associations with sexual abuse experience, disclosure, protective parenting, and knowledge (2022) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al., 1995
The evidence for PLSAE is more mixed with methodological improvements needed, which prevents clear conclusions in some studies (Cırık et al., 2019; Finkelhor et al., 1995; Jin et al., 2017, 2019; Pandia et al., 2017; Wurtele et al., 1992).
“The evidence for PLSAE is more mixed with methodological improvements needed, which prevents clear conclusions in some studies (Cırık et al., 2019; Finkelhor et al., 1995; Jin et al., 2017, 2019; Pandia et al., 2017; Wurtele et al., 1992).”
From Recall of sexual abuse prevention education at school and home: Associations with sexual abuse experience, disclosure, protective parenting, and knowledge (2022) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al., 1995
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“A separate but related conclusion to be drawn from these six studies is that maltreatment responses have multifaceted consequences including psychological derivatives (Heidt et al., 2005), physical injuries (Finkelhor et al., 1995), and difficulties in future functioning (DiPalma, 1994).”
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Kandi, Z. R. K., Azar, F. E. F., Farahani, F. K., Azadi, N. A., & Mansourian, M. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v51i8.10257 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…86.23% vs.87.9% 16 Tang et al (1999) (16) 77 (77/-) 11-15 Observational WIST, PSQ Questionnaire 24.7% vs. 62.1% Self-protection Media Look or touch one’s genitals 17 Finkelhor et al (1995) (18) 2000 (958/1042) 10-16 Observational Questionnaire and Telephone interviews 67% Comprehensive…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe sexual abuse of children by strangers: its extent, nature and victims' characteristics
Gallagher, B. J., III, Bradford, M. G., & Pease, K. (2002) · Children & Society · doi:10.1002/chi.724 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Teaching Sexual Abuse Prevention Skills to Children
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Opportunities and challenges in screening for childhood sexual abuse
Sekhar, D. L., Kraschnewski, J. L., Stuckey, H. L., Witt, P. D., Francis, E. B., Moore, G. A., Morgan, P. L., & Noll, J. G. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.019 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Solehati, T., Pramukti, I., Kosasih, C. E., Hermayanti, Y., & Mediani, H. S. (2022) · The social science · doi:10.3390/socsci11080337 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Kenny, M. C., Long, H., Billings, D. L., & Malik, F. S. (2022) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2742 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Marriage, N. D., Blackley, A. S., Panagiotaros, K., Seklaoui, S. A., van den Bergh, J., & Hawkins, R. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.08.009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Preventing Child Maltreatment: Multiple Windows of Opportunity in the Health Care System
Wurtele, S. K. (1999) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1207/s15326888chc2802_6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Design of a language stimulation program for children suffering abuse
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Young People’s Experiences of Attending a Theater-in-Education Program on Child Sexual Exploitation
May, H., Kloess, J. A., Davies, K., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609958 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
What We Know—and Don't Know—About Preventing Child Maltreatment
Portwood, S. G. (2005) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1300/j146v12n03_03 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Understanding and Preventing the Sexual Exploitation of Youth
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Sexual Abuse Disclosure Mediates the Effect of an Abuse Prevention Program on Substantiation
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“Moreover, two studies revealed that children who participated in abuse prevention programs were no less likely than those who had not to later be sexually abused (Bolen, 2003; Finkelhor et al., 1995).”
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Current concepts in preventing sexual abuse
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Bhagyalakshmi, K. C., & Aneesh Kumar, P. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22868 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Finkelhor, D., Asdigian, N., & Dziuba-Leatherman, J.
- Affiliations
- University of New Hampshire (US)
- ORCID
- Asdigian, Nancy
- Venue
- Child Abuse & Neglect
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 141-153
- ISSN
- 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2170274357
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 13.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- victimization prevention, child sexual abuse, school-based prevention, parental instruction, self-protection strategies, disclosure of victimization
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Female, Health Education, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Parents, Self Disclosure, United States, Wounds and Injuries, Program Evaluation, Treatment Outcome
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