Predictability of chronic intermittent stress: effects on sympathetic-adrenal medullary responses of laboratory rats
Abstract
This experiment involved an examination of sympathetic-adrenal medullary responses of laboratory rats following exposure to chronic intermittent stress. Animals were assigned at random to one of three groups: (i) controls, handled briefly each day; (ii) restraint stress (RS), restrained for 30 min per day; or (iii) variable stress (VS), exposure to restraint, cold swim, or intermittent footshock during one of five time periods each day. On the 26th day, rats were prepared with chronic tail artery catheters for remote sampling of blood and direct measurement of mean arterial pressure and heart rate. On Day 28, rats of each group were exposed to 30 min of restraint stress and timed blood samples were collected and later analyzed for content of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI). VS rats gained significantly less body weight compared to control and RS rats. Basal measures of blood pressure and heart rate and of plasma NE and EPI were comparable for rats of the three groups. The plasma catecholamine responses to restraint stress on Day 28 were significantly reduced in RS and VS rats compared to first-time stressed controls. These findings suggest that predictability of the type of stressor and the time of its occurrence does not influence the pattern of diminished sympathetic-adrenal medullary responses of animals exposed to chronic intermittent stress.
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Antecedent recurrent episodes of stress, associated with high levels of epinephrine, lead to downregulation of sympathoadrenal responses to a subsequent stressor in animal studies.
“animal studies have shown that antecedent recurrent episodes of stress, associated with high levels of epinephrine, lead to downregulation of sympathoadrenal responses to a subsequent stressor (38).”
From Plasma Epinephrine Contributes to the Development of Experimental Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Konarska, M., Stewart, R. E., & McCarty, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- ORCID
- McCarty, Richard
- Venue
- Behavioral and Neural Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1990-03
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-243
- ISSN
- 0163-1047 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998274850
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral and Neural Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh000529-05, 5r01mh039970-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 00529, MH 39970)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sympathoadrenal system, restraint stress, variable stress, norepinephrine, epinephrine, plasma catecholamines, blood pressure, heart rate, weight gain, rats
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Medulla, Animals, Arousal, Blood Pressure, Epinephrine, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Heart Rate, Male, Norepinephrine, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sympathetic Nervous System, Rats
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