Low genetic effect and age-specific family effect for symptoms of anxiety and depression in nuclear families, halfsibs and twins
Abstract
Questionnaire information on symptoms of anxiety/depression was obtained from 61,286 persons, most of whom could be grouped in families as spouses, parents, offspring, siblings, halfsibs and twins. The correlations between mental health in relatives, varying somewhat by sex, were: 0.27 for 18,768 pairs of spouses, 0.12 to 0.17 for 30,888 pairs of parents and offspring, 0.11 to 0.18 for 13,134 pairs of siblings, 0.27 to 0.35 for 57 pairs of MS twins, -0.06 to 0.10 for 60 pairs of DZ twins, 0.30 for 88 pairs of halfsibs reared together, and 0.16 for 40 pairs of halfsibs reared apart. The heritability was estimated to be between 0 and 0.20. There was a significant effect of environmental transmission from mother, but not from father, to offspring. The effect of environmental factors shared by sisters was substantial, the corresponding effect was lower in brothers, and zero in siblings of opposite sex. The correlations decreased with increasing age differences between relatives, implying effects of age-specific genes or environmental factors in the family.
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Age and gender should be considered in gene-environment interaction analyses because genetic and environmental effects on depression and anxiety symptoms differ by age and gender.
“The effects of genetic and environmental factors on symptoms of depression and anxiety have also been shown to differ as a function of age (Tambs and Mourn 1993) and gender (Eaves et al. 1997), so these factors should be considered in GxE analyses.”
From Gene–environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Tambs and Mourn 1993
Cites
Genetic covariation between neuroticism and the symptoms of anxiety and depression
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Exercise and the Prevention of Depression: Results of the HUNT Cohort Study
Harvey, S. B., Øverland, S., Hatch, S. L., Wessely, S., Mykletun, A., & Hotopf, M. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16111223 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Gene–environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders
Nugent, N. R., Tyrka, A. R., Carpenter, L. L., & Price, L. H. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2151-x · Cited by 269 · see citing works
“The effects of genetic and environmental factors on symptoms of depression and anxiety have also been shown to differ as a function of age (Tambs and Mourn 1993) and gender (Eaves et al.”
BackgroundKurtze, N., Gundersen, K. T., & Svebak, S. (2001) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain · doi:10.1300/j094v09n02_04 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A population based family study of symptoms of anxiety and depression
Czajkowski, N., Røysamb, E., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., & Tambs, K. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Tambs, K., & Moum, T.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Tambs, Kristian
- ORCID
- Tambs, Kristian
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-03
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 183-195
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1997886167
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, heritability, family environment, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, half-sibs, siblings, spouses, parent-offspring pairs, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Nuclear Family, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
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