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Cited by 2,207Mental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major DepressionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey, I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence

Kessler, R·1993·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-g
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Abstract

Basic epidemiologic prevalence data are presented on sex differences in DSM-III-R major depressive episodes (MDE). The data come from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), the first survey in the U.S. to administer a structured psychiatric interview to a nationally representative sample of the general population. Consistent with previous research, women are approximately 1.7 times as likely as men to report a lifetime history of MDE. Age of onset analysis shows that this sex difference begins in early adolescence and persists through the mid-50s. Women also have a much higher rate of 12-month depression than men. However, women with a history of depression do not differ from men with a history of depression in either the probability of being chronically depressed in the past year or in the probability of having an acute recurrence in the past year. This means that the higher prevalence of 12-month depression among women than men is largely due to women having a higher risk of first onset. The implications of these results for future research are discussed in a closing section of the paper.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-g

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Metadata

Authors
Kessler, R.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Kessler, R
ORCID
Kessler, R
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1993-11
Volume
29
Issue
2-3
Pages
85-96
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-g
OpenAlex
W1992284534
Cited by
2,207
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 124 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 119 · 2013: 105 · 2012: 101
FWCI
21.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • State University of New York
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • York University
  • University of Toronto
  • National Institute of Mental Health (5RO1 MH46376, R01MH046376, MH 46376, 90135190)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
sex differences, major depressive episode, depression prevalence, chronic depression, depression recurrence, age of onset, National Comorbidity Survey, men and women
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Chronic Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Recurrence, Sex Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Incidence

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