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Cited by 142Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Carbon dioxide/oxygen challenge test in panic disorder

Perna, Giampaolo, Battaglia, Marco, Garberi, Anna, Arancio, Cinzia, Bertani, Angelo, Bellodi, Laura·1994·Psychiatry Research
DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90085-x
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Abstract

The effects of a single inhalation of a 35% CO2/65% O2 gas mixture were examined in 71 patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia and 44 normal control subjects. Compared with the placebo condition, inhalation of air, the CO2/O2 mixture elicited a clear anxiety reaction only in panic disorder patients, who experienced a sudden rise of subjective anxiety as well as of several panic symptoms. Respiratory symptoms and the fear of dying best distinguished the patients from the control subjects. Baseline anxiety was not the key factor in explaining this differential reaction. The clinical features of panic disorder (namely, frequency of panic attacks, agoraphobia, anticipatory anxiety, and duration of illness) were not significantly related to the response to the challenge test, suggesting that CO2 reactivity might be a trait marker of panic disorder.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90085-x

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6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • There is a solid literature on panic induction by CO2 challenge tests.

    “There is also a solid literature on panic induction by CO2 challenge tests (e.g., Fyer et al., 1987; Papp et al., 1993; Perna et al., 1994), which may be part of the reason the augmented respiratory relief intervention has received little further scrutiny.”

    From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Perna et al., 1994

Citations

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Metadata

Authors
Perna, G., Battaglia, M., Garberi, A., Arancio, C., Bertani, A., & Bellodi, L.
Affiliations
University of Milan (IT)
Corresponding author
Bellodi, Laura
ORCID
Venue
Psychiatry Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1994-05
Volume
52
Issue
2
Pages
159-171
ISSN
0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0165-1781(94)90085-x
OpenAlex
W1978421244
Cited by
142
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
FWCI
10.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
panic disorder, agoraphobia, carbon dioxide challenge, hypercapnia, anxiety response, panic symptoms, fear of dying, respiratory symptoms, trait markers, anticipatory anxiety
MeSH terms
Administration, Inhalation, Adolescent, Adult, Agoraphobia, Carbon Dioxide, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Placebos, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Panic Disorder

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