The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Incentives to cultivate a personal vote: A rank ordering of electoral formulas
Open accessAbstract
Seat allocation formulas affect candidates' incentives to campaign on a personal rather than party reputation. Variables that enhance personal vote-seeking include: (1) lack of party leadership control over access to and rank on ballots, (2) degree to which candidates are elected on individual votes independent of co-partisans, and (3) whether voters cast a single intra-party vote instead of multiple votes or a party-level vote. District magnitude has the unusual feature that, as it increases, the value of a personal reputation rises if the electoral formula itself fosters personal vote-seeking, but falls if the electoral formula fosters party reputation-seeking.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Veto Players. How Political Institutions Work
Giné, V. L., & Tsebelis, G. (2003) · Reis · doi:10.2307/40184562 · Cited by 3,359
Linkages between Citizens and Politicians in Democratic Polities
Kitschelt, H. (2000) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/001041400003300607 · Cited by 1,439
Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa
Posner, D. N. (2005) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808661 · Cited by 1,113
Kitschelt, H., Hawkins, K. A., Luna, J. P., Rosas, G., & Zechmeister, E. J. (2010) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511750311 · Cited by 559
Buying, Expropriating, and Stealing Votes
Mares, I., & Young, L. (2016) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-060514-120923 · Cited by 332
Metadata
- Authors
- Carey, J. M., & Shugart, M. S.
- Venue
- Electoral Studies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 417-439
- ISSN
- 0261-3794 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1995643388
- Cited by
- 2,663
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 41.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Incentives to cultivate a personal vote: A rank ordering of electoral formulas. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0261-3794(94)00035-2
- The paper
- Carey, J. M., & Shugart, M. S. (1995). Incentives to cultivate a personal vote: A rank ordering of electoral formulas. Electoral Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(94)00035-2
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.