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A New Approach To Causal Inference in Mortality Studies With a Sustained Exposure Period - Application To Control of the Healthy Worker Survivor Effect
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“the biostatistics literature has focused on sequential random ignorability assumptions that impose that treatment in each period is random conditional on the path of covariates and realized outcomes, rather than parallel trends.”
From What's trending in difference-in-differences? A synthesis of the recent econometrics literature (2023) · cites this paper as Robins (1986)
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“Note also that the truncated factorization formula is not restricted to interventions on a single variable; it is applicable to simultaneous or sequential interventions such as those invoked in the analysis of time varying treatment with time varying confounders (Robins, 1986; Arjas and Parner, 2004).”
From Causal inference in statistics: An overview (2009) · cites this paper as Robins, 1986
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“Note also that the truncated factorization formula is not restricted to interventions on a single variable; it is applicable to simultaneous or sequential interventions such as those invoked in the analysis of time varying treatment with time varying confounders (Robins, 1986, Arjas andParner, 2004).”
From An Introduction to Causal Inference (2010) · cites this paper as Robins, 1986
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“the algebraic machinery offered by the counterfactual notation, Y x (u), once a problem is properly formalized, can be extremely powerful in refining assumptions (Angrist et al., 1996, Heckman andVytlacil, 2005), deriving consistent estimands (Robins, 1986), bounding probabilities of necessary and sufficient causation (Tian and Pearl, 2000), and combining data from experimental and nonexperimental”
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“They are assumed to be connected to observed variables via consistency constraints (Robins, 1986) such as X = x =⇒ Y x = Y,(32)”
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“Equitable vaccination coverage requires higher levels of coverage among those most at risk at the intersection of SARS-CoV-2 exposures, severity, and onward transmission(44-48).”
From Social inequalities in COVID-19 death by area-level income in 11.2 million people in Ontario, Canada: patterns over time and the mediating role of vaccination. (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Robins, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Robins, James
- ORCID
- Robins, James
- Venue
- Mathematical Modelling
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1986
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9-12
- Pages
- 1393-1512
- ISSN
- 0270-0255 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082299845
- Cited by
- 2,451
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 148 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 221 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 170 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 100 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 85
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mathematical Modelling (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
- Keywords
- causal inference, mortality studies, healthy worker survivor effect, occupational mortality, arsenic exposure, copper smelter workers, lung cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, causal graphical models, mortality risk factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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