Social information-processing and physical child-abuse
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.127 · Cited by 7,335 · see citing works
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902 · see citing works
Wyer, R. S., & Srull, T. K. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315807102 · Cited by 4,211 · see citing works
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I
Schneider, W. E., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Cited by 2,228 · see citing works
Mechanisms in the Cycle of Violence
Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2270481 · Cited by 1,803 · see citing works
Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion.
Averill, J. R. (1983) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.38.11.1145 · Cited by 1,229 · see citing works
Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., McClaskey, C. L., Brown, M. M., & Gottman, J. M. (1986) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165906 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis.
Berkowitz, L. J. (1990) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.45.4.494 · Cited by 917 · see citing works
Aftereffects of stress on human performance and social behavior: a review of research and theory.
Cohen, S. (1980) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.1.82 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis.
Berkowitz, L. J. (1990) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.45.4.494 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Lefcourt, H. M. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-590241-0.50013-7 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Toward understanding the role of affect in cognition.
Isen, A. M. (1984) · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Effects of alcohol on human aggression: An intergrative research review.
Bushman, B. J., & Cooper, H. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.3.341 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
(1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Self-citationEgeland, B. R., Jacobvitz, D. B., & Sroufe, L. A. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03260.x · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Egeland, B., Jacobvitz, D., & Sroufe, L. A. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130274 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Aggression : theoretical and empirical reviews
Geen, R. G., & Donnerstein, E. (1983) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 581 · see citing works
A REVIEW AND REFORMULATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL SKILLS
Mcfall, R. (1982) · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Hasselt, V. B. V., Morrison, R. L., Bellack, A. S., & Hersen, M. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5360-8 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Mash, E. J., & Johnston, C. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1904_3 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Child Abuse: Implications for Child Development and Psychopathology
Wolfe, D. A. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 427 · see citing works
The child-abusing parent: A psychological review.
Spinetta, J. J., & Rigler, D. (1972) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0032419 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Gil, D. G. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_104418 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Family Interaction in Abusive, Neglectful, and Normal Families
Burgess, R. L., & Conger, R. D. (1978) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1978.tb04085.x · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Child Abusers' Responses to Infant Smiles and Cries
FRODI, A. M., & Lamb, M. E. (1980) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129612 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Behavioral assessment : new directions in clinical psychology
Cone, J. D., & Hawkins, R. P. (1977) · Brunner/Mazel eBooks · Cited by 350 · see citing works
A Social Information Processing Model of Social Competence in Children
Dodge, K. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315802343-7 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Family Interaction in Abusive, Neglectful, and Normal Families
Burgess, R. L., & Conger, R. D. (1978) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1128756 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Automatic and controlled processing revisited.
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.269 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Unrealistic expectations and problem-solving ability in maltreating and comparison mothers.
Azar, S. T., Robinson, D. R., Hekimian, E., & Twentyman, C. T. (1984) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.52.4.687 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
High-risk infants and children: Adult and peer interactions
Bamford, F. N. (1981) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(81)90057-8 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Family Stress, Coping, and Social Support.
Gerstel, N. R., McCubbin, H. I., Cauble, A. E., & Patterson, J. M. (1984) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2068308 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Children's misbehaviors and parental discipline strategies in abusive and nonabusive families.
Trickett, P. K., & Kuczynski, L. (1986) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.22.1.115 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Mash, E. J., Johnston, C., & Kovitz, K. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374418309533154 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Abusing, Neglecting, Problematic, and Adequate Dyads: Differentiating by Patterns of Interaction.
Crittenden, P. M. (1981) · Merrill-palmer Quarterly · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The two faces of alcohol myopia: Attentional mediation of psychological stress.
Josephs, R. A., & Steele, C. M. (1990) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.99.2.115 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
An Integrated Model of Communication, Stress, and Burnout in the Workplace
MILLER, K. I., Ellis, B. H., Zook, E. G., & Lyles, J. S. (1990) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365090017003002 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Attentional problems in dysfunctional mother-child interactions: An interbehavioral model.
Wahler, R. G., & Dumas, J. E. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.1.116 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Family Stress, Coping and Social Support
Axelson, L. J., McCubbin, H. I., Cauble, A. E., & Patterson, J. M. (1983) · Family Relations · doi:10.2307/584626 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Gil, D. G. (1971) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(71)80409-2 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Alcohol and human physical aggression.
Bennett, R. M., Ah, B., & Carpenter, J. A. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Breaking the cycle in abusive families
Hunter, R. S., & Kilstrom, N. (1979) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.136.10.1320 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Prospective study of the significance of life stress in the etiology of child abuse.
Egeland, B. R., Breitenbucher, M., & Rosenberg, D. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.48.2.195 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Parenting behavior and emotional status of physically abusive mothers.
Lahey, B. B., Conger, R. D., Atkeson, B. M., & Treiber, F. A. (1984) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.52.6.1062 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Maternal attributions and child abuse.
Larrance, D. T., & Twentyman, C. T. (1983) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.92.4.449 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Recognition and posing of emotional expressions by abused children and their mothers.
Camras, L. A., Ribordy, S. C., Hill, J., Martino, S., Spaccarelli, S., & Stefani, R. (1988) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.6.776 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Prospective study of the significance of life stress in the etiology of child abuse.
Egeland, B. R., Breitenbucher, M., & Rosenberg, D. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.48.2.195 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Child Abuse : An Agenda for Action
Zigler, E., Ross, C. J., & Gerbner, G. (1980) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Sex, race, residence, region, and education differences on the 11 WAIS-R subtests.
Kaufman, A. S., McLean, J. E., & Reynolds, C. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198803)44:2 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical Child Abuse Perpetrator Characteristics
Milner, J. S., & Chilamkurti, C. (1991) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626091006003007 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationParental perceptions of child-rearing practices in physically abusive and nonabusive families.
Trickett, P. K., & Susman, E. J. (1988) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.2.270 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Bauer, W. D., & Twentyman, C. T. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.53.3.335 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The two faces of alcohol myopia: Attentional mediation of psychological stress.
Josephs, R. A., & Steele, C. M. (1990) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.99.2.115 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
O'REILLY, C. A., & CALDWELL, D. F. (1985) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00195.x · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Heterosocial perception in rapists.
Lipton, D. N., McDonel, E. C., & McFall, R. M. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.1.17 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Maternal attributions and child abuse.
Larrance, D. T., & Twentyman, C. T. (1983) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.92.4.449 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Childhood history of abuse and adult child abuse potential
Milner, J. S., Robertson, K. R., & Rogers, D. L. (1990) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf00979136 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationHELPING THE BATTERED CHILD AND HIS FAMILY
KACHOYEANOS, M. K. (1972) · Nursing Management · doi:10.1097/00006247-197210000-00017 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Abusive parents' perceptions of child problem behaviors: An example of parental bias
Reid, J. B., Kavanagh, K., & Baldwin, D. V. (1987) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00916461 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Family Violence
Leonard, K. E., & Jacob, T. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5360-8_16 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Measuring the components of parents' potential for child abuse and neglect
Disbrow, M. A., Doerr, H., & Caulfield, C. (1977) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(77)90003-5 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Gaines, R., Sandgrund, A., Green, A. H., & Power, E. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.87.5.531 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Purpose-in-Life Test: Age and sex differences
Meier, A., & Edwards, H. P. (1974) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197407)30:3 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Crowe, H. P., & Zeskind, P. S. (1992) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(92)90005-c · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Bauer, W. D., & Twentyman, C. T. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.53.3.335 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The physically and sexually abused child: Evaluation and treatment
Walker, C. E., Bonner, B. L., & Kaufman, K. L. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Alcohol and human physical aggression.
Bennett, R. M., Buss, A. H., & Carpenter, J. A. (1969) · PubMed · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-schema and social information processing.
Lewicki, P. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1177 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Physically abusive and nonabusive mothers' perceptions of parenting and child behavior.
Bradley, E. J., & Peters, R. D. (1991) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079263 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Chilamkurti, C., & Milner, J. S. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04214.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citation(1991) · Foundations of neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3878-3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Gaines, R., Sandgrund, A., Green, A. H., et al. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.87.5.531 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Hansen, D. J., Pallotta, G. M., Tishelman, A. C., Conaway, L. P., & MacMillan, V. M. (1989) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf00978576 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Akhtar, N., & Bradley, E. J. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90007-h · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Child abusive parents' physiological responses to stressful and non-stressful behavior in children
Wolfe, D. A., Fairbank, J. A., Kelly, J. A., & Bradlyn, A. S. (1983) · Behavioral Assessment · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Durham, T. W. (1982) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Abusive and Nonabusive Mothers' Ability to Identify General and Specific Emotion Signals of Infants
Kropp, J. P., & Haynes, O. M. (1987) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130300 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Straus, M. A., & Kantor, G. K. (1987) · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Azar, S. T. (1986) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0079961 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Abusive mothers: Perceptions of their own and their children's behavior.
Rosenberg, M. S., & Reppucci, N. D. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.51.5.674 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Parental awareness and child abuse: A cognitive-developmental analysis of urban and rural samples.
Newberger, C. M., & Cook, S. J. (1983) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1983.tb03395.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Recognition of Emotional Facial Expressions by Abusive Mothers and Their Children
During, S. M., & McMahon, R. J. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2002_4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Work, H. H. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.5.709-a · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Physiological responses to non-child-related stressors in mothers at risk for child abuse
Casanova, G. M., Domanic, J. A., McCanne, T. R., & Milner, J. S. (1992) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(92)90006-d · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of abusive and nonabusive families with conduct-disordered children.
Webster-Stratton, C. H. (1985) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1985.tb03421.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Training parents of abused children.
Azar, S. T. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Intensive behavioral parent training for a child abusive mother
Wolfe, D. A., Lawrence, J. S. S., Graves, K. A., Brehony, K. A., Bradlyn, D., & Kelly, J. A. (1982) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(82)80006-3 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Social Interaction and the Perception of Job Characteristics in an Organization
Dean, J. W., & Brass, D. J. (1985) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872678503800605 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Treating child-abusive families : intervention based on skills-training principles
Kelly, J. A. (1983) · Plenum Press eBooks · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Friedrich, W. N., & Wheeler, K. (1982) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198210000-00001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Correlates of child abuse potential
Stringer, S. A., & Greca, A. M. L. (1985) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00910643 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Characteristics of abusive parents: A look at self-esteem
Anderson, S. C., & Lauderdale, M. L. (1982) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(82)90031-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Kelley, M. L., Grace, N. C., & Elliott, S. N. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90032-o · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Child Abuse as an Area of Aggression Research
Knutson, J. F. (1978) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/3.1.20 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Child Abuse and Locus of Control
Ellis, R. H., & Milner, J. S. (1981) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1981.48.2.507 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonality and Psychophysiological Variables in Abusive, Neglectful, and Low-Income Control Mothers
Friedrich, W. N., Tyler, J. D., & CLARK, J. A. (1985) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198508000-00001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The impact of stress on cognitive components of child abuse potential
Schellenbach, C. J., Monroe, L. D., & Merluzzi, T. V. (1991) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf00978526 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Abusive mothers: Perceptions of their own and their children's behavior.
Rosenberg, M. S., & Reppucci, N. D. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.51.5.674 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Starr, R. H. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5360-8_6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Personality characteristics and disciplinary attitudes of child-abusing mothers
Evans, A. L. (1980) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(80)90006-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Behavioral Treatment of Child Abuse
Azar, S. T., & Siegel, B. R. (1990) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455900143004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Parent characteristics in abusing and nonabusing families
Perry, M. A., Wells, E. A., & Doran, L. D. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374418309533153 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Psychiatric disorders, spouse abuse and child abuse.
Bland, R. C., & Orn, H. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 30 · see citing works
An ego-strength scale for the Child Abuse Potential Inventory
Milner, J. S. (1988) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf00994032 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Cognition and Depression: A General Integrative Perspective
Kuiper, N. A., & Higgins, E. T. (1985) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1985.3.1.1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory
Robertson, K. R., & Milner, J. S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_16 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationExpectations for childhood development among child-abusing and nonabusing parents.
Kravitz, R. I., & Driscoll, J. M. (1983) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1983.tb03377.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The assessment of mother-child interactions in physically abusive and nonabusive families
Schindler, F. E., & Arkowitz, H. S. (1986) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf00978563 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wood-Shuman, S., & Cone, J. D. (1986) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(86)90015-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Elliott, F. A. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5360-8_15 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effects of infant cries on alcohol consumption in college males at risk for child abuse
Stasiewicz, P. R., & Lisman, S. A. (1989) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(89)90050-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Violent individuals and families: A handbook for practitioners
Gelles, R. J. (1985) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/0190-7409(85)90042-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Psychophysiological discriminants of depression at rest and in response to stress
Donat, D. C., & McCullough, J. P. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationLourie, I. S. (1979) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(79)90134-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
MacMillan, V. M., Guevreniont, D. C., & Hansen, D. J. (1988) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf00989980 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Correlates of Physical Child Abuse
Milner, J. S., & McCanne, T. R. (1991) · Foundations of neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3878-3_7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationOates, R. K., Forrest, D., & Peacock, A. (1985) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992288502400101 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
SOURCE-RELATED DETERMINANTS OF PERCEIVED JOB SCOPE
Blau, G. J. (1985) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00059.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Evaluation of two relaxation training programs under medication and no-medication conditions
Hoshmand, L. T., Helmes, E., Kazarian, S. S., & Tekatch, G. M. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198501)41:1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Treating child-abusive families: Interventions based on skills-training principles
Bradlyn, A. S. (1985) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(85)90058-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dating violence in mid-adolescence Theory, significance, and emerging prevention initiatives
Wekerle, C. (1999) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00091-9 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Interpersonal foundations of psychopathology.
Horowitz, L. M. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10727-000 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Parental and Child Cognitions in the Context of the Family
Bugental, D. B., & Johnston, C. (2000) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.315 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Assessing physical child abuse risk: The child abuse potential inventory
Milner, J. S. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)90017-5 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Self-citationSwain, J. E., Kim, P., Spicer, J., Ho, S. S., Dayton, C. J., Elmadih, A., & Abel, K. M. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.007 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Dumas, J. E. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_20 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Origins and consequences of child neglect in substance abuse families
Dunn, M. G., Tarter, R. E., Mezzich, A. C., Vanyukov, M. M., Kirisci, L., & Kirillova, G. P. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(02)00132-0 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Crouch, J. L., & Behl, L. E. (2001) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00256-8 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Social information processing in high-risk and physically abusive parents
Milner, J. S. (2002) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00506-9 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictors of Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Distress
Leerkes, E. M. (2010) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295190903290840 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Patterns of Risk and Protective Factors in the Intergenerational Cycle of Maltreatment
Dixon, L., Browne, K. D., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E. (2008) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-008-9215-2 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Beckerman, M., van Berkel, S. R., Mesman, J., & Alink, L. R. A. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.015 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
A stress and coping model of child maltreatment
Hillson, J. S. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)90025-6 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Rodriguez, C. M., & Richardson, M. J. (2007) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559507305993 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Milner, J. S., Halsey, L. B., & Fultz, J. (1995) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00035-7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationStress and Coping Behaviors of Substance‐Abusing Mothers
Kelley, S. J. (1998) · Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6155.1998.tb00215.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Miragoli, S., Balzarotti, S., Camisasca, E., & Blasio, P. D. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.034 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Negative affect and parental aggression in child physical abuse.
Mammen, O., Kolko, D., & Pilkonis, P. (2002) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00316-2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Maltreatment of children with developmental disabilities: An ecological systems analysis
Algood, C. L., Hong, J. S., Gourdine, R. M., & Williams‐Butler, A. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.003 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Harmer, A. L. M., Sanderson, J., & Mertin, P. (1999) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00020-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Crouch, J. L., Milner, J. S., & Thomsen, C. J. (2001) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00230-1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationChild-related cognitions and affective functioning of physically abusive and comparison parents
Haskett, M. E., Scott, S. S., Grant, R., Ward, C. S., & Robinson, C. (2003) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(03)00103-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Wiehe, V. R. (2003) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(03)00034-6 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Toward an integrated framework for understanding child physical abuse
Coohey, C., & Braun, N. (1997) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00067-7 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Child abuse potential inventory and parenting behavior: Relationships with high-risk correlates
Haskett, M. E., Scott, S. S., & Fann, K. D. (1995) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00107-4 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Montes, M. P., de Paúl, J., & Milner, J. S. (2001) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00254-x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationMcElroy, E. M., & Rodriguez, C. M. (2008) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.01.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Chilamkurti, C., & Milner, J. S. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04214.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal sensitivity to infants in various settings predicts harsh discipline in toddlerhood
Joosen, K. J., Mesman, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.661217 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Dispositional empathy in high- and low-risk parents for child physical abuse
Pérez‐Albéniz, A., & de Paúl, J. (2003) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(03)00111-x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Gender differences in empathy in parents at high- and low-risk of child physical abuse
Pérez‐Albéniz, A., & de Paúl, J. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.11.017 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
A Gendered Approach to Adolescent Dating Violence: Conceptual and Methodological Issues
White, J. W. (2009) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.01467.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Physiological Reactivity to Infant Crying and Observed Maternal Sensitivity
Joosen, K. J., Mesman, J., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Pieper, S., Zeskind, P. S., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00122.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Understanding Child Maltreatment
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e541372013-001 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The environment of child maltreatment: contextual factors and the development of psychopathology
Hecht, D. B., & Hansen, D. J. (2001) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(00)00015-x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Dispositional Empathy in Neglectful Mothers and Mothers at High Risk for Child Physical Abuse
de Paúl, J., Pérez‐Albéniz, A., Guibert, M., Asla, N., & Ormaechea, A. (2008) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260507313532 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Haskett, M. E., Scott, S. S., Willoughby, M. T., Ahern, L. S., & Nears, K. (2006) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-005-9010-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sturge‐Apple, M. L., Suor, J. H., & Skibo, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000023 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Child Physical Abuse And Neglect
Brown, C. L., & Rabbitt, A. L. (2019) · SpringerReference · doi:10.1007/springerreference_44617 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Alink, L. R. A., Cyr, C. P., & Madigan, S. L. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418001517 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Dopke, C. A., & Milner, J. S. (2000) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00110-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationChild physical abuse risk factors: A systematic review and a meta-analysis
Milner, J. S., Crouch, J. L., McCarthy, R. J., Ammar, J., Dominguez-Martinez, R., Thomas, C. L., & Jensen, A. P. (2022) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2022.101778 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonal Contextual Characteristics and Cognitions
Rodriguez, C. M. (2009) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260509334391 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Parenting stress and self-reported discipline strategies of Kenyan caregiving grandmothers
Oburu, P. O., & Palmérus, K. (2003) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1080/01650250344000127 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Caselles, C. E., & Milner, J. S. (2000) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00115-0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationFamily Dysfunction and Social Isolation as Moderators Between Stress and Child Physical Abuse Risk
Tucker, M. C., & Rodriguez, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-013-9567-0 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Parental responses to infant crying: The influence of child physical abuse risk and hostile priming
Crouch, J. L., Skowronski, J. J., Milner, J. S., & Harris, B. L. (2008) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.11.002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationMillett, L. S., Lanier, P., & Drake, B. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.03.001 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Farc, M., Crouch, J. L., Skowronski, J. J., & Milner, J. S. (2008) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.06.001 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationParenting empathy: Associations with dimensions of parent and child psychopathology
Psychogiou, L., Daley, D., Thompson, M. J. J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2007) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1348/02615100x238582 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory in Italy
Miragoli, S., Camisasca, E., & Blasio, P. D. (2015) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244015597044 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Validity of the Short Form of the Parenting Stress Index for Fathers of Toddlers
McKelvey, L. M., Whiteside-Mansell, L., Faldowski, R. A., Shears, J., AYOUB, C. C., & Hart, A. D. (2008) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9211-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Miller, S. A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190874513.003.0007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Rodriguez, C. M., & Tucker, M. C. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-014-9981-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Horton, E., & Murray, C. E. (2015) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21514 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Kepple, N. J. (2017) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2016.1253747 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
An evaluation of a groupwork intervention for teenage mothers and their families
McDonald, L., Conrad, T., Fairtlough, A., Fletcher, J., Green, L., Moore, L., & Lepps, B. (2008) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2008.00580.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Catherine, N., & Schonert-Reichl, K. (2011) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1348/026151010x521475 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lansford, J. E., Woodlief, D. T., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P. O., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Tirado, L. M. U., Zelli, A., et al. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000236 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mothers' Overreactive Discipline and Their Encoding and Appraisals of Toddler Behavior
Lorber, M. F., O'Ĺeary, S. G., & Kendziora, K. T. (2003) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1025496914522 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
McCanne, T. R., & Hagstrom, A. H. (1996) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(96)00004-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Childhood Physical Abuse, Childhood Social Support, and Adult Child Abuse Potential
Caliso, J. A., & Milner, J. S. (1994) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626094009001003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationDifficulties in emotion regulation in child abuse potential: Gender differences in parents
Miragoli, S., Milani, L., Blasio, P. D., & Camisasca, E. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104529 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Antecedents and concomitants of parenting stress in adolescent mothers in foster care
Budd, K. S., Holdsworth, M. J. A., & Hoganbruen, K. (2006) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.11.006 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Interpretations of child compliance in individuals at high- and low-risk for child physical abuse
Dopke, C. A., Lundahl, B., Dunsterville, E., & Lovejoy, M. C. (2003) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(03)00007-3 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Rodriguez, C. M., Smith, T., & Silvia, P. J. (2015) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.028 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mence, M., Hawes, D. J., Wedgwood, L., Morgan, S. S. J., Barnett, B. E. W., Kohlhoff, J. R., & Hunt, C. J. (2014) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035352 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
White, J. W., & Kowalski, R. M. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012278805-5/50009-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lavi, I., Ozer, E. J., Katz, L. F., & Gross, J. J. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102099 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Causal effects of cannabis legalization on parents, parenting, and children: A systematic review
Wilson, S., & Rhee, S. H. (2022) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106956 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Emotion recognition in fathers and mothers at high-risk for child physical abuse
Asla, N., de Paúl, J., & Pérez‐Albéniz, A. (2011) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.05.010 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Abusive family interaction: A review
Cerezo, M. Á. (1997) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(96)00025-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Moderating effects of physical abuse and perceived social support on the potential to abuse
Litty, C. G., Kowalski, R. M., & Minor, S. W. (1996) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(96)00011-7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Approaching child abuse treatment from the perspective of empathy
Wiehe, V. R. (1997) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00094-x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Emotion recognition ability in mothers at high and low risk for child physical abuse
Balge, K. A., & Milner, J. S. (2000) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00188-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationRodriguez, C. M., & Price, B. L. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.02.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The Psychological Availability of Dual‐Earner Parents for Their Children After Work
Danner-Vlaardingerbroek, G., Kluwer, E. S., van Steenbergen, E. F., & van der Lippe, T. (2013) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12039 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Social Information Processing Model in Child Physical Abuse and Neglect: A Meta-analytic Review
Camilo, C., Garrido, M. V., & Calheiros, M. M. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104666 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Functioning: Comparison of Mothers at High- and Low-Risk for Child Physical Abuse
Nayak, M. B., & Milner, J. S. (1998) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00052-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationde Paúl, J., Asla, N., Pérez‐Albéniz, A., & de Cádiz, B. T. G. (2006) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260506290411 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Researchers Deserve a Better Critique: Response to Larzelere, Gunnoe, Roberts, and Ferguson (2017)
Holden, G. W., Grogan‐Kaylor, A. C., Durrant, J. E., & Gershoff, E. T. (2017) · Marriage & Family Review · doi:10.1080/01494929.2017.1308899 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
An Attributional Analysis of Child Abuse Among Low-Income African American Mothers
Graham, S., Weiner, B. L., Cobb, M., & Henderson, T. (2001) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.20.2.233.22263 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Implicit measures of child abuse and neglect: A systematic review
Camilo, C., Garrido, M. V., & Calheiros, M. M. (2016) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2016.06.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Beckerman, M., van Berkel, S. R., Mesman, J., & Alink, L. R. A. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Family Preservation Services on the Canary Islands
López, M. J. R., Correa, A. D., Máiquez, M. L., Quintana, J. C. M., & Rodríguez, G. (2006) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040.11.1.57 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Azar, S. T., Miller, E. A., McGuier, D. J., Stevenson, M. T., O’Donnell, E., Olsen, N., & Spence, N. (2016) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559516668047 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mother-child interactional patterns in high-and low-risk mothers
Dolz, L., Cerezo, M. Á., & Milner, J. S. (1997) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00090-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationAzar, S. T., Okado, Y., Stevenson, M. T., & Robinson, L. (2013) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2244 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Validation of a self-report measure of unrealistic relationship expectations.
Foran, H. M., & Slep, A. M. S. (2007) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.19.4.382 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Crouch, J. L., Irwin, L. M., Wells, B. M., Shelton, C. R., Skowronski, J. J., & Milner, J. S. (2012) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.04.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotions and Developmental Psychopathology
Izard, C. E., Youngstrom, E. A., Fine, S. E., Mostow, A. J., & Trentacosta, C. J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939383.ch8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Quintana, J. C. M., Máiquez, M.-L., Rodrigo, M.-J., Correa, A.-D., & Rodríguez, G. (2004) · Journal for the Study of Education and Development Infancia y Aprendizaje · doi:10.1174/0210370042396887 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
DECREASING HARSH DISCIPLINE IN MOTHERS AT RISK FOR MALTREATMENT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL
Pereira, M. S., Negrão, M., Soares, I., & Mesman, J. (2014) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21464 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Facial emotion recognition accuracy and child physical abuse: An experiment and a meta-analysis.
Wagner, M. F., Milner, J. S., McCarthy, R. J., Crouch, J. L., McCanne, T. R., & Skowronski, J. J. (2014) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/a0036014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationBeckerman, M., van Berkel, S. R., Mesman, J., Huffmeijer, R., & Alink, L. R. A. (2019) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559519879760 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Parents' Beliefs About Children
Miller, S. A. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190874513.001.0001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cambio y estabilidad en los factores que afectan negativamente a la parentalidad
Pons-Salvador, G., Cerezo, M. Á., & Bernabé, G. (2005) · RIUCV (Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Martír) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Relations Among Stress, Executive Functions, and Harsh Parenting in Mothers
Park, J. L., & Johnston, C. (2020) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00622-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Arıkan, G., & Kumru, A. (2020) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01046-w · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Grietens, H. W. E., Geeraert, L., & Hellinckx, W. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.10.011 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Milner, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Northern Illinois University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Milner, Joel S.
- ORCID
- Milner, Joel S.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 275-294
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2092898024
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- social information processing, child physical abuse, parental cognitions, automatic and controlled processing, personality factors, parental evaluation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review