The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Introduction to Statistical Analysis.
Latshaw, V. V., Dixon, W. J., & Massey, F. J. (1957) · The American Mathematical Monthly · doi:10.2307/2309989 · Cited by 5,072
Chi-Square Tests with One Degree of Freedom; Extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure
Mantel, N. (1963) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500879 · Cited by 2,897
Introduction to Statistical Analysis.
Ward, D. H., Dixon, W. J., & Jr., F. J. M. (1970) · The Statistician · doi:10.2307/2986842 · Cited by 1,454
A Method for Obtaining and Analyzing Sensitivity Data
Dixon, W. J., & Mood, A. M. (1948) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1948.10483254 · Cited by 1,268
Clinical toxicology of commercial products
(1964) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(64)80073-1 · Cited by 943
The Up-and-Down Method for Small Samples
Dixon, W. J. (1965) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480843 · Cited by 916
Staircase bioassay: The up-and-down method
Dixon, W. J. (1991) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80090-9 · Cited by 613
Thompson, W. R. (1947) · Bacteriological Reviews · doi:10.1128/br.11.2.115-145.1947 · Cited by 488
The error of determination of toxicity
Trevan, J. W. (1927) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character · doi:10.1098/rspb.1927.0030 · Cited by 390
An up-and-down procedure for acute toxicity testing
BRUCE, R. (1985) · Fundamental and Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0272-0590(85)90059-4 · Cited by 320
Self-citation
Cited by
Guidelines for the Design and Statistical Analysis of Experiments Using Laboratory Animals
Festing, M. F. W., & Altman, D. G. (2002) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar.43.4.244 · Cited by 1,110
Oloya, B., Namukobe, J., Ssengooba, W., Afayoa, M., & Byamukama, R. (2022) · Tropical Medicine and Health · doi:10.1186/s41182-022-00406-7 · Cited by 65
Singh, D., & Agarwal, V. (2022) · Vegetos · doi:10.1007/s42535-021-00281-3 · Cited by 32
Singh, D., Singh, V., Bhushan Mishra, S., Sharma, D., & Agarwal, V. (2022) · Journal of Applied Biomedicine · doi:10.32725/jab.2022.005 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Lipnick, R. L., Cotruvo, J. A., Hill, R. N., Bruce, R. D., Stitzel, K. A., Walker, A. P., Chu, I., Goddard, M., Segal, L., Springer, J. A., & Myers, R. C.
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 223-231
- ISSN
- 0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008442012
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0278-6915(94)00136-c
- The paper
- Lipnick, R. L., Cotruvo, J. A., Hill, R. N., Bruce, R. D., Stitzel, K. A., Walker, A. P., Chu, I., Goddard, M., Segal, L., Springer, J. A., & Myers, R. C. (1995). Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures. Food and Chemical Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(94)00136-c
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.