The DOI matches its Crossref record; 118 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Participatory learning for sustainable agriculture
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Rich experience with participatory approaches exists within the agriculture sector (Pretty 1995);”
From Global Status of DDT and Its Alternatives for Use in Vector Control to Prevent Disease (2009) · cites this paper as Pretty 1995
In the citing paper
“These practices not only improve agricultural productivity but also enhance the long-term sustainability of farming systems (Pretty, 1995).”
From Displacement and Resilience: A Comparative Study of Climate-Induced Migration in Uganda and Kenya (2025) · cites this paper as Pretty, 1995
Citations
Cites
Brundtland, G. H. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-1049-0.50009-5 · Cited by 12,221
(1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,252
The Condition of Postmodernity
Harris, C., & Harvey, D. (1991) · Economic Geography · doi:10.2307/143544 · Cited by 8,571
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Shapere, D. (1964) · Boston studies in the philosophy of science · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-9731-4_3 · Cited by 7,874
Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events
Arthur, W. B. (1989) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2234208 · Cited by 7,489
(2014) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446294406.n148 · Cited by 7,272
Systems Thinking, Systems Practice
Checkland, P. B. (1981) · Cumulative Index of Computer Aided Architectural Design · Cited by 6,256
Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings
Shrout, P. E. (1980) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(80)90063-4 · Cited by 6,091
Neufeld, A., & Ryan, A. G. (1988) · Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation · doi:10.3138/cjpe.3.006 · Cited by 5,906
Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries
Guba, E. G. (1981) · ECTJ · doi:10.1007/bf02766777 · Cited by 5,527
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Beardsley, 1980, Sage Library of Social Research, Vol. 104
- Brown, 1987, Popular epidemiology: community response to toxic waste-induced disease in Woburn, Massachussets, Science, Technology and Human Values, Vol. 12, 78
- Gill, 1991, But how does it compare with the ‘real’ data?, Vol. 14, 5
- Kamp, 1993, Fish cutting pesticide use, ILEIA Newsletter, 22
- Krishnarajah, 1985, Soil erosion control measures for tea land in Sri Lanka, Sri Lankan Journal of Tea Science, Vol. 54, 91
- Reason, 1986, Research with people: The paradigm of cooperative experiential inquiry, Person-Centred Review, Vol. 1, 456
- Santa Fe Institute, 1987, Bulletin of the Santa Fe Institute
- Shapiro, 1988, Judicial selection and the design of clumsy institutions, Southern California Land Review, Vol. 61, 1555
- Sriskandarajah, 1991, Systems agriculture: A paradigm for sustainability, Association for Farming Systems Research-Extension Newsletter, Vol. 2, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,001
Gautam, S., Rahut, D. B., Erenstein, O., & Dilli Bahadur, K. C. (2020) · Experimental Agriculture · doi:10.1017/s0014479720000381 · Cited by 11
Buthelezi, N., & Hughes, J. C. (2014) · Indilinga African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems · Cited by 11
10 Years of Evaluation Practice in Media Assistance: Who, When, Why and How?
Noske-Turner, J. (2015) · Nordicom review/NORDICOM review · doi:10.1515/nor-2015-0028 · Cited by 11
Irrigation-based social work relieves poverty in India’s drylands
Agoramoorthy, G., & Hsu, M. J. (2013) · International Social Work · doi:10.1177/0020872812463106 · Cited by 11
Stakeholders’ perception of forest management: a Portuguese mountain case study
Marta‐Costa, A., Torres‐Manso, F., Pinto, R., Tibério, M. L., & Carneiro, I. (2016) · Forest Systems · doi:10.5424/fs/2016251-08122 · Cited by 11
Holcombe, E. A., Berg, E., Smith, S. S., Anderson, M. G., & Holm-Nielsen, N. B. (2017) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2017.1327658 · Cited by 11
Jalali, M. R., & Abadi, B. (2017) · Rangeland Ecology & Management · doi:10.1016/j.rama.2017.06.012 · Cited by 11
From change to transition? Learning from environmental protection activities in Sweden
Eksvärd, K., & Marquardt, K. (2017) · Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.1080/21683565.2017.1373381 · Cited by 11
Abolpour, B. (2017) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2017.10.006 · Cited by 11
Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management in the Chesapeake: Developing Functional Indicators
Freitag, A., Vogt, B., & Hartley, T. W. (2018) · Coastal Management · doi:10.1080/08920753.2018.1451729 · Cited by 11
Chanteloup, L., Joliet, F., & Herrmann, T. M. (2019) · Polar Geography · doi:10.1080/1088937x.2019.1578291 · Cited by 11
Rossio, C. P. Y., & Seo, Y. (2020) · KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12205-020-1091-1 · Cited by 11
Visualizing Energy Participation: A Method for Practitioners and Researchers
Morales-Guerrero, J., & Karwat, D. M. A. (2020) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101496 · Cited by 11
Driessche, P. A. V. (2020) · International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability · doi:10.1080/14735903.2020.1795563 · Cited by 11
Kral, R. M., Maftukhah, R., Mentler, A., Murtiningrum, M., Ngadisih, N., & Keiblinger, K. M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12187700 · Cited by 11
Surayya, Q., Kusmana, C., & Sundawati, L. (2020) · Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan · doi:10.20886/jpsek.2020.17.2.101-115 · Cited by 11
Hauser, M., Aigelsperger, L., Owamani, A., & Delve, R. J. (2010) · Der Tropenlandwirt · Cited by 11
Homo PoliticusmeetsHomo Ludens: Public participation in serious life science games
Radchuk, O., Kerbe, W., & Schmidt, M. R. (2016) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/0963662516653030 · Cited by 11
Social Interactions and Spillover Effects in Chinese Family Farming
Guo, H., & Marchand, S. (2018) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2018.1443206 · Cited by 11
Participatory Methodology for Designing an Agroecological Transition at Local Level
Audouin, É., Bergez, J.-E., & Thérond, O. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01953-2_9 · Cited by 11
Munyanyi, W. (2013) · Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences · doi:10.18551/rjoas.2013-12.02 · Cited by 11
Giupponi, C., Myšiak, J., & Sgobbi, A. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1304007 · Cited by 11
Pfliegner, K. (2010) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · Cited by 11
Bae, J. S., Kim, C., Kim, Y. S., Latifah, S., Afifi, M., Fisher, L. A., Lee, S. M., I.-A., K., Kang, J., R, K. P., et al. (2014) · doi:10.17528/cifor/005041 · Cited by 11
Spatial justice in participatory planning: an integrated framework and lessons from practice
Gonçalves, J. E., Rocco, R., Sitzoglou, M., Michail, N., Kupper, D., Grafakos, S., Djuraskovic, M., Veeckman, C. M., Pantelidis, N., Gkatsikos, A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2025.1656745 · Cited by 11
Witkowski, K., Reyes, A. M., & Padilla, M. (2021) · Journal of Public Affairs Education · doi:10.1080/15236803.2020.1858534 · Cited by 11
Zaidi, N., & Pitt, H. (2022) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2022.2090533 · Cited by 10
Visualised AKIS Diagnosis – an Instrumental Approach to Support AKIS Appraisal
Knierim, A., & Mekonnen, F. (2023) · EuroChoices · doi:10.1111/1746-692x.12397 · Cited by 10
Syamsiyah, N., Sadeli, A. H., Saidah, Z., Noor, T. I., & Widiyanesti, S. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17114871 · Cited by 10
Effective engagement of the Native Fish Strategy is delivered by coordinated and contextual effort
Hames, F., Townsend, A., Ringwood, G., Clunie, P., & McPhail, J. (2014) · Ecological Management & Restoration · doi:10.1111/emr.12099 · Cited by 10
Farmers knowledge of soil fertility in West-Central Bhutan
Bajgai, Y., & Sangchyoswat, C. (2018) · Geoderma Regional · doi:10.1016/j.geodrs.2018.e00188 · Cited by 10
Gébert, J., Bajmócy, Z., & Málovics, G. (2017) · DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development · doi:10.32725/det.2017.010 · Cited by 12
Participatory epidemiology: Reviewing experiences with contexts and actions
Catley, A. (2020) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105026 · Cited by 10
Cornish, P. S., Kumar, A., & Das, S. (2020) · SOIL · doi:10.5194/soil-6-325-2020 · Cited by 10
Dawar, A. I., & Ferreira, M. F. (2021) · Forum for Development Studies · doi:10.1080/08039410.2021.1893808 · Cited by 10
Elementos estruturantes para a realização da coprodução do bem público: uma visão integrativa
Rocha, A. C., Schommer, P. C., Debetir, E., & Pinheiro, D. M. (2021) · Cadernos EBAPE BR · doi:10.1590/1679-395120200110 · Cited by 10
Translation of systems thinking to organizational goals: A systematic review
Bui, H., & Galanou, E. (2022) · Journal of General Management · doi:10.1177/03063070211035749 · Cited by 10
Comparison of methods to identify crop productivity constraints in developing countries. A review
Kraaijvanger, R. G., Sonneveld, M. P. W., Almekinders, C., & Veldkamp, A. (2014) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0254-1 · Cited by 10
Environmental Education, Sustainable Agriculture, and CGIAR: History and Future Prospects
Nelles, W. (2011) · Comparative Education Review · doi:10.1086/659341 · Cited by 10
Dickson‐Hoyle, S., Kovacevic, M., Cherbonnier, M., & Nicholas, K. A. (2018) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.327 · Cited by 10
Muñoz, E., Guzman, C. D., Medina, Y., Boll, J., Parra, V., & Arumí, J. L. (2019) · Water · doi:10.3390/w11081733 · Cited by 10
Hwang, J., Lee, S., Jo, M., Cho, W., & Moon, J. (2020) · Food Science of Animal Resources · doi:10.5851/kosfa.2020.e83 · Cited by 12
Cash, C. (2021) · Urban Planning · doi:10.17645/up.v6i4.4536 · Cited by 10
Schwarz, A., Eriksson, H., Ramofafia, C., Masu, R., Boso, D., & Govan, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.757407 · Cited by 10
Learning in the Field: Using Community Self Studies to Strengthen Forest‐Based Social Movements
Taylor, P., Cronkleton, P., & Barry, D. (2010) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.498 · Cited by 10
Beuret, J. (2011) · Développement durable et territoires · doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.9096 · Cited by 10
Supporting effective community representation: Lessons from theFestival of Neighbourhoods
Johnson, A. J., Glover, T. D., & Yuen, F. C. (2008) · Managing Leisure · doi:10.1080/13606710802551155 · Cited by 10
Feldman, S., & Biggs, S. (2012) · Integrated science & technology program · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4485-1_2 · Cited by 11
Learning through Story as Political Praxis: The Role of Narratives in Community Food Work
Niewolny, K. L., & D’Adamo-Damery, P. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-53904-5_7 · Cited by 10
Beyond PRA: experiments in facilitating local action in water management
Schaap, W., & Nandi, S. S. (2005) · Development in Practice · doi:10.1080/09614520500128687 · Cited by 10
Stories for change : a new model of evaluation for agricultural extension projects in Australia
Dart, J. (2000) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 10
Giraud, N. J., Kool, A., Karlsen, P., Annes, A., & Teixidor‐Toneu, I. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461499 · Cited by 10
Valerio, E., Hilmiati, N., Prior, J., & Panjaitan, T. S. S. (2023) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103843 · Cited by 13
Saputra, R., & Havlíček, T. (2024) · Systemic Practice and Action Research · doi:10.1007/s11213-024-09696-w · Cited by 9
Exploring an ICT-Enabled participative smart city governance system: an Indian context
Das, D. K. (2024) · International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development · doi:10.1080/19463138.2024.2433983 · Cited by 9
Challenging unsustainable development through research cooperation
Levidow, L., & Oreszczyn, S. (2011) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2011.627680 · Cited by 9
Tanaka, K., Stein, E., Craig, T., Kinn, L. G., & Williams, J. (2021) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2021.1950890 · Cited by 10
Kelly, C., Wynants, M., Patrick, A., Taylor, A., Mkilema, F., Nasseri, M., Lewin, S., Munishi, L. K., Mtei, K., Ndakidemi, P. A., et al. (2022) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac8300 · Cited by 9
Beaulieu, A., Leblond, J.-P., Déry, S., & Cao, H. (2023) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106687 · Cited by 9
The Promise and Perils of Market-based Sustainability
Keahey, J., & Murray, D. L. (2017) · Sociology of Development · doi:10.1525/sod.2017.3.2.143 · Cited by 9
Nguyen, T., Luom, T. T., & Parnell, K. (2017) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2017.1342617 · Cited by 7
Rice, M. J., Apgar, J. M., Schwarz, A., Saeni, E., & Teioli, H. (2018) · The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension · doi:10.1080/1389224x.2018.1529606 · Cited by 9
Challenges in creating a 3D participatory platform for urban development
Chassin, T., Ingensand, J., Lotfian, M., Ertz, O., & Joerin, F. (2019) · Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA · doi:10.5194/ica-adv-1-3-2019 · Cited by 9
Analysis Sustainability of Women's Leadership for Watershed Conservation in the Urban Area
Asteria, D., & Herdiansyah, H. (2019) · International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development · doi:10.4018/ijsesd.2020040103 · Cited by 9
Ethics for Development Research
Keahey, J. (2020) · Sociology of Development · doi:10.1525/sod.2020.6.4.395 · Cited by 9
From participatory engagement to co-production: modelling climate-sensitive processes in the Arctic
Davis, K., Ford, J. D., Quinn, C. H., & Harper, S. L. (2021) · Arctic Science · doi:10.1139/as-2020-0032 · Cited by 10
Neef, A., Ekasingh, B., Friederichsen, R., Bécu, N., Lippe, M., Sangkapitux, C., Frör, O., Punyawadee, V., Schad, I., Williams, P. M., et al. (2012) · Springer environmental science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33377-4_9 · Cited by 9
Current Debates in Corporate Social Responsibility: An Agenda for Research
Crowther, D., & Martínez, E. O. (2007) · Issues in Social and Environmental Accounting · doi:10.22164/isea.v1i1.6 · Cited by 9
When the global impacts the local: Revisiting Talbiyeh Camp Improvement Project
Al-Nammari, F. M. (2014) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.05.007 · Cited by 9
Swilling, M., Tavener-Smith, L., Keller, A., der Heyde, V., & Wessels, B. (2013) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 9
Wamba, N. G. (2016) · Action Research · doi:10.1177/1476750316636665 · Cited by 9
Kendall, L., & Dearden, A. (2017) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59111-7_37 · Cited by 10
Transdisciplinary agricultural research in Lao PDR
Greenhalgh, G., Alexander, K., Larson, S., Thammavong, P., Sacklokham, S., Thephavanh, M., Sinavong, P., Moglia, M., Perez, P., & Case, P. (2019) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.10.020 · Cited by 9
Osei-Kufuor, P., & Koomson, F. (2014) · Cited by 9
Tommasino, H., Ferreira, R. G., Marzaroli, J., & Gutiérrez, R. (2012) · Agrociencia · doi:10.31285/agro.16.583 · Cited by 9
Success of Ecotourism Sites and Local Community Participation in Sabah
Bagul, P., & Bahar, A. H. (2009) · Cited by 9
Nguyen-Khoa, S., Smith, L., & Lorenzen, K. (2005) · Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University) · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.92016 · Cited by 9
Sustainable Watershed Management: Illusion or Reality? A case of Kerala State in India
Vishnudas, S. (2006) · Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) · Cited by 9
Assessing participation in agricultural research projects: An analytical framework
Neef, A., & Neubert, D. (2005) · University writing server of the University of Hohenheim (Universität Hohenheim) · Cited by 9
Governance of tourism conservation partnerships: lessons from Kenya
Nthiga, R. W. (2014) · doi:10.18174/323240 · Cited by 9
Governance of climate change adaptation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Kelman, I. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118451694.ch20 · Cited by 9
Public Participation GIS, Participatory GIS, and Participatory Mapping
Norris, T. B. (2017) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0160 · Cited by 9
Giupponi, C., Myšiak, J., & Sgobbi, A. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1105109 · Cited by 9
Multi-stakeholder approach for better integration of refugee students
Siarova, H., & van der Graaf, L. (2022) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/82b390fb-en · Cited by 12
Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development
Gebeyehu, B., Adugna, B., Gammie, T., Simane, B., & Mekuriaw, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11352-0_277 · Cited by 9
Mengistu, F., & Assefa, E. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2020.1762550 · Cited by 8
Bockstaller, C., Blatz, A., Rapp, O., Köller, R., Slezack‐Deschaumes, S., & Schaub, A. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30400 · Cited by 8
Assessing the Economic Sustainability of the EU and Romanian Farming Sectors
Prigoreanu, I., Radu, G., Grigore-Sava, A., Costuleanu, C. L., Ungureanu, G., & Ignat, G. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17104440 · Cited by 11
Study of Consumers Choices on Pesticides Use and Sustainability
Barwant, M. M., Ogidi, O. I., Yogita, C., & Rupali, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81669-7_18 · Cited by 8
Anton, P., Grimand, A., Boespflug, M., & Bécuwe, A. (2021) · Gestion et management public · doi:10.3917/gmp.091.0037 · Cited by 8
Baltacı, F. (2020) · Journal of Economy Culture and Society · doi:10.26650/jecs2020-0067 · Cited by 8
Promoting inclusive facilitation of participatory agricultural research for development
de Pryck, J. D., & Elias, M. (2021) · Development in Practice · doi:10.1080/09614524.2021.2013445 · Cited by 8
Habermann, B., Crane, T., Gichuki, L., Worku, T., Mugumya, R., Maiyo, N., Kiptoo, E., Goshme, S., Mohammednur, F., Tugume, G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.768445 · Cited by 8
Khanyari, M., Dorjay, R., Lobzang, S., Bijoor, A., & Suryawanshi, K. R. (2023) · Ecological Solutions and Evidence · doi:10.1002/2688-8319.12232 · Cited by 8
Heuninckx, S., Macharis, C., Boveldt, G. T., & Coosemans, T. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16103978 · Cited by 8
Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigm
Heeks, R., Wall, P., & Graham, M. (2024) · Development Studies Research · doi:10.1080/21665095.2024.2439407 · Cited by 6
Sustainable entrepreneurship: regional innovation cultures in the ecological food sector
Gillebo, T., & Hugo, A. (2006) · International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability · doi:10.1080/14735903.2006.9684805 · Cited by 8
A Novel Discussion on Urban Planning Practice: Citizen Participation
Karahan, E. K. (2014) · Iconarp International Journal of Architecture and Planning (Selcuk University) · Cited by 8
Materials sovereignty: Pathways for shaping nanotechnology design
Kokai, A., & Iles, A. (2020) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.410 · Cited by 8
Livelihood Impacts of Flash Floods in Cox's Bazar District, Bangladesh
Ahmed, B., Kelman, I., Raja, D. R., Islam, M. R., Das, S., Shamsudduha, M., & Fordham, M. (2019) · International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters · doi:10.1177/028072701903700304 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Pretty, J. N.
- Affiliations
- International Institute for Environment and Development (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pretty, Jules N.
- ORCID
- Pretty, Jules N.
- Venue
- World Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1247-1263
- ISSN
- 0305-750X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052585246
- Cited by
- 1,753
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 115 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 109 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 102 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 59.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- World Development (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agricultural Innovations and Practices
- Social Sciences › Development › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
- Keywords
- participatory learning, sustainable agriculture, resource-saving technologies, positivism, epistemology, uncertainty, citizen participation, citizen science
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review