Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 343

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Budgeting and the propensity to create budgetary slack

Merchant, Kenneth A.·1985·Accounting, Organizations and Society

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0361-3682(85)90016-9

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 16

  1. Baiman, 1982, Agency Research in Managerial Accounting: A Survey, Journal of Accounting Literature, 154
  2. Bourgeois, 1981, On the Measurement of Organizational Slack, Academy of Management Review, 29, 10.5465/amr.1981.4287985 · doi:10.5465/amr.1981.4287985 · Paper page
  3. Cammann, 1976, Effects of the Use of Control Systems, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 301, 10.1016/0361-3682(76)90036-2 · doi:10.1016/0361-3682(76)90036-2
  4. Dermer, 1975, The Interrelationship of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, Academy of Management Journal, 125, 10.2307/255630 · DOI
  5. Fry, 1982, Technology-Structure Research: Three Critical Issues, Academy of Management Journal, 532, 10.2307/256078 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Hackman, 1968, Expectancy Theory Predictions of Work Effectiveness, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 417, 10.1016/0030-5073(68)90018-4 · DOI
  7. Jensen, 1976, Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure, Journal of Financial Economics, 305, 10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X · DOI · Paper page
  8. Kerr, 1981, Controlling the Performances of People in Organizations, Vol. 2, 116
  9. Leibenstein, 1966, Allocative Efficiency vs X-Efficiency, American Economic Review, 392
  10. Leibenstein, 1979, X-Efficiency: From Concept to Theory, Challenge, 13, 10.1080/05775132.1979.11470543 · doi:10.1080/05775132.1979.11470543
  11. Lowe, 1968, An Analysis of Managerial Biasing: Evidence from a Company's Budgeting Process, Journal of Management Studies, 304, 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1968.tb00990.x · DOI · Paper page
  12. Merchant, 1981, The Design of the Corporate Budgeting System: Influences on Managerial Behavior and Performance, The Accounting Review, 813
  13. Onsi, 1973, Factor Analysis of Behavioral Variables Affecting Budgetary Slack, The Accounting Review, 535
  14. Schein, 1979, Examining an Illusion: The Role of Deceptive Behaviors in Organizations, Human Relations, 287, 10.1177/001872677903200402 · doi:10.1177/001872677903200402
  15. Schiff, 1968, Where Traditional Budgeting Fails, Financial Executive, 50
  16. Slocum, 1980, Typology of Technology and Job Redesign, Human Relations, 193, 10.1177/001872678003300304 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Merchant, K. A.
Venue
Accounting, Organizations and Society
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1985-01
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
201-210
ISSN
0361-3682 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2029115417
Cited by
343
References
2
FWCI
5.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Budgeting and the propensity to create budgetary slack. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0361-3682(85)90016-9
The paper
Merchant, K. A. (1985). Budgeting and the propensity to create budgetary slack. Accounting, Organizations and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(85)90016-9

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.