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Cited by 285Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

Early smoking initiation and nicotine dependence in a cohort of young adults

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Breslau, Naomi, Fenn, Nancy, Peterson, Edward L.·1993·Drug and Alcohol Dependence
DOI 10.1016/0376-8716(93)90054-t
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Abstract

We examined the extent to which nicotine dependence and daily smoking might vary by age at first cigarette. The potential confounding effects of sex, race and history of childhood behaviour problems were examined as well. A sample of 1200 was randomly selected from the subset of 21-30-year-old members of a large HMO in the Detroit SMSA; 1007 (84%) agreed to participate. Personal interviews were conducted in respondents' homes, using the NIMH-DIS to elicit information on DSM-III-R diagnoses, including nicotine dependence. Controlling for sex and race, persons who smoked their first cigarette at 14 to 16 years of age were 1.6 times more likely to become dependent than those who initiated smoking at an older age (P = 0.03). The association was unchanged when history of childhood behaviour problems was also controlled. Smoking initiation before age 14 was not associated with increased probability of dependence. Persons who initiated smoking before age 14 had a longer lag time to daily smoking and a lower likelihood of progressing to daily smoking, compared to persons who initiated smoking later on. The findings suggest that, among persons who have ever smoked, there might be two distinct groups in whom the chances of developing dependence are considerably reduced. The first comprises persons who delayed first use until age 17. The second comprises persons who smoked their first cigarette before age 14, a group in whom the progression to daily smoking might be markedly slower than in persons who initiated smoking when they were older.

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  • Very precocious or early initiation of drug use has been associated with a greater likelihood of later drug problems and with progression to the use of other drug types.

    “Very precocious or early initiation of drug use has been associated with a greater likelihood of later drug problems, and with progression to the use of other drug types ([Anthony and Petronis, 1995](#R2); [Breslau et al., 1993](#R4); [Brook et al., 1999](#R5); [Grant et al., 2005](#R14); [Newcomb and Bentler, 1988](#R27); [Storr et al., 2004](#R32); [Wagner and Anthony, 2002](#R34)), but the”

    From Epidemiological patterns of extra-medical drug use in the United States: Evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, 2001–2003 (2007) · cites this paper as Breslau et al., 1993

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  1. Rounsaville, B.J. and Kranzler, H.R. (1989) The DSM-III-R diagnosis of alcoholism. In: Review of Psychiatry (Tasman, A., Hales, R.E. and Frances, A.]., eds.), Vol. 8, pp. 323 -340. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC.
  2. SAS Institute Inc., SASlSTAT User's Guide, (1989) Version 6, 4th Edn., Vol. 2. pp. 997 -1026. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.

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Authors
Breslau, N., Fenn, N., & Peterson, E. L.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Breslau, Naomi
Venue
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1993-09
Volume
33
Issue
2
Pages
129-137
ISSN
0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0376-8716(93)90054-t
OpenAlex
W2003119475
Cited by
285
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
FWCI
3.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5k02mh000380-10)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (KO2 MH-00380, K02 MH-00380, R01MH048802, MH-48802)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords
smoking initiation, nicotine dependence, young adults, daily smoking, child behavior problems, sex differences, racial differences, adolescent smoking
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Black or African American, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Development, Smoking, White People

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