The scars of newborn intensive care
Abstract
Many techniques used in neonatal intensive care are invasive and the risk of producing skin damage is high. To investigate this, 100 consecutive survivors of neonatal intensive care (gestation 26-42 weeks, median 32) were examined in detail by a single observer at 16-29 months of age, and the scar severity, site and likely cause noted. Scarring was present in all infants although it was usually trivial. The total number of scars was inversely related to gestational age and directly related to the duration of intensive care. Eleven children had cosmetically or functionally significant lesions caused by chest drain insertion, extravasation of intravenous fluid or skin stripping by adhesive tape. To reduce the frequency and severity of skin damage, neonatal staff need to be aware that many routine procedures may lead to long term scarring. In particular, more careful wound closure after chest drain removal is needed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The adhesives that couple wired electrodes to the fragile skin of neonates are a frequent cause of iatrogenic injuries and subsequent scarring.
“Moreover, the adhesives that couple these wired electrodes to the fragile skin of the neonates are a frequent cause of iatrogenic injuries and subsequent scarring (2–4).”
From Binodal, wireless epidermal electronic systems with in-sensor analytics for neonatal intensive care (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
Cites
Barrier properties of the newborn infant's skin
Harpin, V., & Rutter, N. (1983) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80669-6 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationThromboses due to catheterization in infants and children
Wigger, H. J., Bransilver, B. R., & Blanc, W. A. (1970) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(70)80123-8 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Making heel pricks less painful.
Harpin, V., & Rutter, N. (1983) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.58.3.226 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh incidence of lung perforation by chest tube in neonatal pneumothorax
Moessinger, A. C., Driscoll, J. M., & Wigger, H. J. (1978) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80311-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Harpin, V., & Rutter, N. (1982) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(82)80768-3 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationCalcified nodules on the heel: A complication of neonatal intensive care
Sell, E. J., Hansen, R. C., & Struck-Pierce, S. (1980) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80702-5 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
CONTRACTURE OF THE QUADRICEPS MUSCLE
Gunn, D. R. (1964) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.46b3.492 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Serious Complications After Umbilical Artery Catheterization for Neonatal Monitoring
Marsh, J. L. (1975) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1975.01360160041006 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Warning: Serious sequelae of temporal artery catheterization
Simmons, M. A., Levine, R. L., Lubchenco, L. O., & Guggenheim, M. A. (1978) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80027-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Effectiveness of chest tube evacuation ofpneumothorax in neonates
Allen, R. W., Jung, A. L., & Lester, P. D. (1981) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80278-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Major Complication Secondary to Percutaneous Radial Artery Catheterization in the Neonate
Cartwright, G. W., & Schreiner, R. L. (1980) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.65.1.139 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Reduction of skin damage from transcutaneous oxygen electrodes using a spray on dressing.
Evans, N. J., & Rutter, N. (1986) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.61.9.881 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationHandbook of Neonatal Intensive Care
Merenstein, G. B., & Gardner, S. L. (1986) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-198603000-00045 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus in premature infants.
Hs, N., Mullen, P. J., Groff, D. B., Lt, S., & Ln, C. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Categories of babies requiring neonatal care
(1985) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.60.6.599 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Karaya gum electrocardiographic electrodes for preterm infants.
Cartlidge, P. H., & Rutter, N. (1987) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.62.12.1281 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationHandbook of Neonatal Intensive Care
Halliday, H. L., McClure, G., & Reid, M. J. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Fleming, P., Speidel, B. D., Marlow, N., & Dunn, P. M. (1991) · Bristol Research (University of Bristol) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Major complication secondary to percutaneous radial artery catheterization in the neonate
Goldthorn, J. F. (1980) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-3468(80)80782-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Binodal, wireless epidermal electronic systems with in-sensor analytics for neonatal intensive care
Chung, H. U., Kim, B. H., Lee, J. Y., Lee, J., Xie, Z., Ibler, E. M., Lee, K., Banks, A., Jeong, J. Y., Kim, J., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau0780 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Kaufman, D. A., & Fairchild, K. D. (2004) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.17.3.638-680.2004 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
“Placement of peripheral and central vascular catheters, use of chest tubes, and frequent blood drawing further compromise the skin (37, 76, 130), exposing the deeper layers of the epidermis, to which organisms may adhere and then may proliferate and disseminate (425).”
BackgroundPacifier Biosensor: Toward Noninvasive Saliva Biomarker Monitoring
García-Carmona, L., Martín, A., Sempionatto, J. R., Moreto, J. R., González, M. C., Wang, J., & Escarpa, A. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03379 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Extravasation injuries on regional neonatal units: Figure 1
Wilkins, C. E., & Emmerson, A. J. B. (2004) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal · doi:10.1136/adc.2003.028241 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Printing Flexible and Hybrid Electronics for Human Skin and Eye‐Interfaced Health Monitoring Systems
Kim, K., Kim, B., & Lee, C. H. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902051 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Disorders of Connective Tissue
Burrows, N., & Lovell, C. R. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470750520.ch46 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Health of very low birth weight children during their first eight years
Hack, M., Welssman, B., Breslau, N., Klein, N., Borawski, E. A., & Fanaroff, A. A. (1993) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(09)90012-9 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Beltrão, G., Stutz, R., Hornberger, F., Martins, W. A., Tatarinov, D., Alaee–Kerahroodi, M., Lindner, U., Stock, L., Kaiser, E., Goedicke‐Fritz, S., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08836-3 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Wireless and battery-free platforms for collection of biosignals
Stuart, T., Cai, L., Burton, A., & Gutruf, P. (2021) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113007 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“This issue is exacerbated in fragile patient populations such as neonates, as currently employed wet electrode systems utilize adhesives that result in skin injuries, leaving lifelong scars (Cartlidge et al., 1990; Lund, 2014).”
Iatrogenic skin injury in the neonatal intensive care unit
Sardesai, S. R., Kornacka, M. K., Walas, W., & Ramanathan, R. (2011) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767051003728245 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“About 4% of infants leave the NICU with cosmetically or functionally significant scars [2].”
BackgroundKwak, S. S., Yoo, S., Avila, R. O., Chung, H. U., Jeong, H., Liu, C. Y., Vogl, J. L., Kim, J., Yoon, H., Park, Y., et al. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202103974 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
García‐Molina, P., Balaguer‐López, E., García‐Fernández, F. P., Ferrera-Fernández, M. Á., Blasco, J., & Soriano, J. V. (2018) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.12900 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Describing Intravenous Extravasation in Children (DIVE Study)
Paquette, V., McGloin, R., Northway, T., DeZorzi, P., Singh, A. J., & Carr, R. R. (2011) · The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v64i5.1069 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Severe Extravasation Injuries in Neonates: A Report of 34 Cases
Kostogloudis, N., Demiri, E. C., Tsimponis, A., Dionyssiou, D. D., Ioannidis, S., Chatziioannidis, I., & Nikolaidis, N. L. (2015) · Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1111/pde.12664 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Four percent of infants leave neonatal units with cosmetically or functionally significant scars, thought to be caused by extravasation injuries (3).”
BackgroundPreventing the scars of neonatal intensive care.
Davies, J. M., Gault, D. T., & Buchdahl, R. (1994) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal · doi:10.1136/fn.70.1.f50 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Restieaux, M., Maw, A., Broadbent, R. S., Jackson, P., Barker, D. P., & Wheeler, B. J. (2013) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-34 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“A 1985 [4] study of 100 NICU survivors 16–29 months following discharge identified 61% as having scars consistent with an EI.”
BackgroundRecommendations for Management of Noncytotoxic Vesicant Extravasations
Ong, J., & Gerpen, R. V. (2020) · Journal of Infusion Nursing · doi:10.1097/nan.0000000000000392 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Anetoderma of prematurity in association with electrocardiographic electrodes
Colditz, P. B., Dunster, K. R., Joy, G. J., & Robertson, I. M. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70126-x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lesions requiring wound management in a central tertiary neonatal intensive care unit
Meszes, A., Tálosi, G., Máder, K., Orvos, H., Kemény, L. V., & Csoma, Z. (2016) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-016-0070-6 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“In 100 consecutive children at 16-29 months of age, Cartlidge et al [36] investigated the prevalence of scars attributable to intensive therapeutic procedures performed during the newborn period.”
BackgroundSiegfried, E. C. (1998) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70244-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cisler-Cahill, L. (2006) · Neonatal Network The Journal of Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1891/0730-0832.25.4.267 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
State-of-the-art wearable sensors for cardiovascular health: a review
Xie, H., Yang, L., Jiang, B., Huang, Z., & Lin, Y. (2025) · npj Cardiovascular Health · doi:10.1038/s44325-025-00090-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Saline irrigation for the management of skin extravasation injury in neonates
Gopalakrishnan, P. N., Goel, N., & Banerjee, S. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008404.pub3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Saline irrigation for the management of skin extravasation injury in neonates
Gopalakrishnan, P. N., Goel, N., & Banerjee, S. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008404.pub2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Randomized Comparison of a Silicone Tape and a Paper Tape for Gentleness in Healthy Children
Grove, G. L., Zerweck, C. R., Ekholm, B. P., Smith, G. E., & Koski, N. I. (2013) · Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.won.0000436669.79024.b0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Extravasation Injuries of the Limbs in Neonates and Children
Hackenberg, R. K., Kabir, K., Müller, A., Heydweiller, A. C., Burger, C., & Welle, K. (2021) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0220 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Heel blood sampling in preterm infants: which technique?
Barker, D. P., Latty, B. W., & Rutter, N. (1994) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal · doi:10.1136/fn.71.3.f206 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationIatrogenic Skin Disorders and Related Factors in Newborn Infants
Csoma, Z., Meszes, A., Ábrahám, R., Kemény, L. V., Tálosi, G., & Doró, P. (2016) · Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1111/pde.12960 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“In 100 children 16 to 29 months of age, Cartlidge et al (11) investigated the prevalence of scars attributable to intensive therapeutic procedures performed during the newborn period.”
BackgroundThe childhood scars of newborn intensive care
Fox, P. E., & Rutter, N. (1998) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00112-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“We have previously reported a follow up study of 100 consecutive survivors who were examined at the age of 2 years for the presence of scars [2].”
BackgroundSelf-citationKazmierczak, S. C., ROBERTSON, A. F., & Briley, K. P. (2002) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.156.11.1072 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“In addition to lessening the pain and distress associated with manual heel lancing, spring-loaded devices may reduce the risk of complications, such as osteomyelitis, by penetrating to a fixed and safe depth.(5) Another advantage to using the spring-loaded device that has not been adequately addressed is that it may a…”
BackgroundRutter, N. (2000) · Seminars in Neonatology · doi:10.1053/siny.2000.0016 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationBreast Deformity in Adolescence as a Result of Pneumothorax Drainage During Neonatal Intensive Care
Rainer, C., Gardetto, A., Frühwirth, M., Trawöger, R., Meirer, R., Fritsch, H., & Piza‐Katzer, H. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.1.80 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bicen, A. O., West, L. L., Cesar, L., & Inan, O. T. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1109/jtehm.2018.2815539 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Resulting injuries are considered to be medical emergencies and require immediate treatment [1]–[3].”
BackgroundDisorders of Connective Tissue
Burrows, N., & Lovell, C. R. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444317633.ch45 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cho, K. Y., Lee, S. J., Burm, J. S., & Park, E. A. (2007) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2007.22.3.588 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Vesicles, Pustules, Bullae, Erosions, and Ulcerations
Howard, R., & Frieden, I. J. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3432-2.50013-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Frieden, I. J. (1992) · Current Problems in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/1040-0486(92)90002-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Development of an Evidence-Based List of Non-Antineoplastic Vesicants
Gorski, L. A., Ong, J., Gerpen, R. V., Nickel, B., Kokotis, K., & HADAWAY, L. C. (2024) · Journal of Infusion Nursing · doi:10.1097/nan.0000000000000568 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Gilliam, A. E., & Williams, M. L. K. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3432-2.50007-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
August, D. L., Ray, R., Kandasamy, Y., & New, K. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15422 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sushko, K., Litalien, C., Ferruccio, L. F., Gilpin, A., Mazer-Amirshahi, M. E., Chan, A. K. C., van den Anker, J. N., Lacaze‐Masmonteil, T., & Samiee‐Zafarghandy, S. (2021) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20200129 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A scoping review and narrative synthesis of neonatal skin injury severity scales
August, D. L., Hall, S., Marsh, N. M., & Coyer, F. M. (2024) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.13018 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Quality improvement measures for early detection of severe intravenous infiltration in infants
Sangam, S. L. (2019) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000407 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Prognosis of Full-Thickness Skin Defects in Premature Infants
Moon, H. S., Burm, J. S., Yang, W. Y., & Kang, S. Y. (2012) · Archives of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.5999/aps.2012.39.5.463 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Acquired Disorders of Dermal Connective Tissue
Lovell, C. R. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118441213.rtd0097 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Paige, D. G., Gennery, A. R., & Cant, A. J. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444317633.ch17 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Seeing beyond the obvious: pragmatic skin care guidance for infants 22–24 weeks gestational age
Boyar, V., Visscher, M. O., Lund, C., Narendran, V., Rysavy, M. A., Kribs, A., Bell, E. F., Kusuda, S., Younge, N. E., Adren, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/s41372-025-02375-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Jambulingam, J. A., McCrory, R., West, L. L., & Inan, O. T. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591790 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Resulting injuries are considered to be medical emergencies and require immediate treatment [2], [3], [4], [5], [6].”
BackgroundNewborn Skin: Development and Basic Concepts
COHEN, B. A., & Siegfried, E. C. (2005) · Avery's Diseases of the Newborn · doi:10.1016/b978-072169347-7.50098-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Iatrogenic and Traumatic Injuries
Galbraith, S. S., & Esterly, N. B. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3432-2.50011-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Management of Infantile Extravasation Injury Using Maternal Platelet‐Rich Plasma
Lee, H., Kwon, S., Choi, J., Park, K., Youn, S. W., Huh, C., & Na, J. (2012) · Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01815.x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“been noted in 4%of premature infants (2,3).”
The Use of Hyaluronidase for Treatment of Extravasations in a Premature Infant
Siu, S., Kwong, K., Poon, S., & So, K. (2007) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Extravasation Wound Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Cho, K. S., Ahn, H. C., Lee, J. H., Lim, S. Y., Lee, H. J., & Park, H. (2019) · Journal of Wound Management and Research · doi:10.22467/jwmr.2018.00528 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Neonates are at increased risk for infection because of their immature tissues and thin vessel layers [6].”
Erbersdobler, H. F., Braasch, S., & Trautwein, E. A. (1990) · Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.1990.tb00110.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Li, P., Guo, K., Li, J., Wang, H., Xue, K., Lin, H., Ran, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Q., Xie, F., et al. (2025) · Advanced Fiber Materials · doi:10.1007/s42765-025-00566-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“These technologies may even cause iatrogenic harm to neonates with fragile skin [4].”
Roche-Kubler, B., Puzenat, E., Mariet, A., Thiriez, G., Aubin, F., & Humbert, P. G. (2014) · Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie · doi:10.1016/j.annder.2014.09.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Comparative Study of Two Different Heel Lancet Devices for Blood Collection in Preterm Infants
Lim, H. B., Rhu, M. J., Jung, J. M., Jeon, G. W., & Sin, J. B. (2010) · Journal of the Korean Society of Neonatology · doi:10.5385/jksn.2010.17.2.239 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stalder, J. ‐. (2011) · Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1002/9781444345384.ch5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Needle arthroscopy in the treatment of bacterial arthritis of the hip in a neonate and two infants
Walinga, A. B., Struijs, P. A. A., de Waard, S., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., & Kievit, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.epsc.2022.102470 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Simulation Analysis of a Conformal Patch Sensor for Skin Tension and Swelling Detection
Lim, R., Cheng, M., Damalerio, R., & Chen, W. (2017) · IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) · doi:10.1109/ectc.2017.102 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“An approximation of 4% neonate in the intensive care unit had retained serious scarring due to extravasation injuries [5].”
Neonatal skin injury scales: a scoping review with narrative synthesis protocol
Hall, S., August, D. L., Coyer, F. M., & Marsh, N. M. (2022) · Wound Practice and Research · doi:10.33235/wpr.30.3.175-178 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mabrouk, S. A., Rodriguez, Z., De, S., Maher, K. O., West, L. L., Lynn, P., Parker, A., Srivatsava, A., Sonti, A., & Inan, O. T. (2020) · Proceedings of IEEE Sensors/Proceedings of IEEE Sensors ... · doi:10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278903 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“If not detected rapidly, this extravascular fluid can cause the skin to swell around the IV insertion site, and the fluid can continue to fill the interstitial space all around the affected limb; this results in discomfort, edema, pain, ischemia and potentially necrosis (death of the tissue) [4-6].”
BackgroundAtherton, D. J., Gennery, A. R., & Cant, A. J. (2004) · doi:10.1002/9780470750520.ch14 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Paige, D. G. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118441213.rtd0117 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Thull, R., Goedicke‐Fritz, S., Schmiech, D., Marnach, A., Müller, S. N., Körbel, C., Laschke, M. W., Tutdibi, E., Nourkami‐Tutdibi, N., Kaiser, E., et al. (2024) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios14090437 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The medical care required for the survival of premature babies often lasts for months, and constant monitoring using conventional techniques can cause pain and skin irritation [3–5].”
BackgroundPantelides, N. M., & Shah, A. (2013) · Journal of Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jnn.2013.04.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cheng, Z., Davies, B. L., Caldwell, D. G., & Mattos, L. S. (2018) · International Symposium on Medical Robotics · doi:10.1109/ismr.2018.8333283 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sushmitha, E. S., Manoj, D., Ravindra, K., & Guruprasad, G. (2018) · International Journal of Research in Dermatology · doi:10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20184710 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Keeling, J. W. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3802-0_14 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
4 – La piel del lactante prematuro
Gilliam, A. E., & Williams, M. L. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8086-390-2.50004-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cutaneous Disorders of the Newborn
Abdelhadi, S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_141 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mathes, E. F. D., & Williams, M. L. K. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2638-7.00004-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Networks and near-field communication: up-close but far away
Kim, J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818914-6.00019-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Iatrogenic Disorders of the Newborn
Maalouf, E. F., & Lopez, W. B. (2011) · Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1002/9781444345384.ch17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
García‐Molina, P. (2015) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Iatrogenic Disorders of the Newborn
Maalouf, E. F., & Lopez, W. B. (2019) · Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1002/9781119142812.ch12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cartlidge, P. H. (1991) · Current Paediatrics · doi:10.1016/0957-5839(91)90008-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSaline irrigation for the management of skin extravasation injury in neonates
Gopalakrishnan, P. N., Goel, N., & Banerjee, S. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008404 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mangelgeborene: zu klein, zu früh und zu klein?
Touwen, B. C. L. (1994) · Steinkopff eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-93682-1_9
Vesículas, pústulas, ampollas, erosiones y ulceraciones
Howard, R., & Frieden, I. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8086-390-2.50010-3
Lesiones traumáticas y yatrogénicas
Galbraith, S. S., & Esterly, N. B. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8086-390-2.50008-5
Zengįn, N., Zengin, M., Çınar, E., Karahan, E., Tuncer, İ., & Küçükerdönmez, C. (2015) · İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Dergisi
미숙아에서 채혈을 위한 발뒤꿈치 천자시 두 종류 천자 기구의 비교
임효빈, 류미주, 정지미, 전가원, & 신종범 (2010) · Neonatal Medicine
Amatya, P., & Sadasivam, K. (2020) · Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society · doi:10.3126/jnps.v39i1.27156
Herlin, C. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1241-0_8
Howatson, A. G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-743-5_17
COHEN, B. A., & Puttgen, K. B. (2011) · Avery's Diseases of the Newborn · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0134-0.10097-6
Clayton, T. H., & Sharif, J. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119709268.rook114
Acquired Disorders of Dermal Connective Tissue
Fahy, C. M. R., & Lovell, C. R. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781119709268.rook094
Herlin, C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60954-1_66
YAMADA, M., Yonezawa, K., & Haruna, M. (2025) · Journal of Japan Academy of Midwifery · doi:10.3418/jjam.jjam-2024-0051
Measurement and Sequelae of Neonatal Skin Injuries: A Prospective Diagnostic/Feasibility Study
August, D. L., Hall, S., Marsh, N. M., Chapple, L., Cobbald, L., Lai, M., Hall, D., Koorts, P. J., Xu, H. G., Cunninghame, J., et al. (2025) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.70745
Vesicles, Pustules, Bullae, Erosions, and Ulcerations
Howard, R., & Frieden, I. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2638-7.00010-9
Goedicke‐Fritz, S., Schmiech, D., Thull, R., Kaiser, E., Körbel, C., Laschke, M. W., Marnach, A., Müller, S., Tutdibi, E., Nourkami‐Tutdibi, N., et al. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26072139
“Overall, there are many disadvantages to contact-based vital sign monitoring, making the development of contactless approaches an important step toward improved neonatal care [4,9,11,18,22–24].”
- Authors
- Cartlidge, P. H. T., Fox, P. E., & Rutter, N.
- Affiliations
- Nottingham City Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rutter, N.
- ORCID
- Rutter, N.
- Venue
- Early Human Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 0378-3782 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1975235719
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Early Human Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Neonatal skin health care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Keywords
- neonatal intensive care, skin damage, chest tube insertion, wound closure, gestational age
- MeSH terms
- Cicatrix, Gestational Age, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Time Factors, Intensive Care, Neonatal
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
