Pacifier Biosensor: Toward Noninvasive Saliva Biomarker Monitoring
Abstract
Wearable sensors for noninvasive monitoring of physiological parameters is a growing technology in the clinical field. Especially in neonates, the development of portable and nonharmful monitoring devices is urgently needed because they cannot provide any feedback about discomfort or health complaints. However, in infant monitoring, only wearable sensors measuring physical parameters for vital signs have been developed. Here, we describe the first chemical wearable sensor for newborn monitoring. This fully integrated pacifier operates as a portable wireless device toward noninvasive chemical monitoring in the infant's saliva. The infant's mouth movements on the pacifier result in efficient saliva pumping and promote unidirectional flow from the mouth to the electrochemical chamber. The integrated electrochemical detection chamber, containing the enzymatic biosensor, is located outside of the oral cavity. The capabilities of the platform were studied for glucose detection in diabetic adults and compared to their blood levels with good correlation, demonstrating the sensor's good performance. This baby-friendly device integrates saliva sampling with electrochemical sensing, along with miniaturized wireless electronics on a single pacifier platform. Such integration simplifies the infant's health monitoring in a real-time and selective fashion, representing the first wearable sensor focusing on chemical saliva sensing in newborns. This initial demonstration of glucose monitoring introduces new possibilities for metabolites monitoring in infants and neonates using saliva as a noninvasive sample.
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They demonstrated on-body performance for glucose sensing in saliva for real-time tracking of type I diabetes in saliva.
“They demonstrated on-body performance for glucose sensing in saliva for real-time tracking of type I diabetes in saliva (Figure 6d).”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [158]
A fully integrated wearable pacifier-based platform was used for glucose monitoring in newborns' saliva.
“In another work [158], a fully integrated wearable pacifier-based platform was used for glucose monitoring in newborns’ saliva.”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [158]
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- Authors
- García-Carmona, L., Martín, A., Sempionatto, J. R., Moreto, J. R., González, M. C., Wang, J., & Escarpa, A.
- Affiliations
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- University of California San Diego (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Joseph
- Escarpa, Alberto
- Venue
- Analytical Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-10-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 13883-13891
- ISSN
- 0003-2700 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6882
- OpenAlex
- W2978932042
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 7.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Analytical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Comunidad de Madrid (S2018/NMT-4349)
- Ministerio de Econom?a y Competitividad (CTQ2017-86441-C2-1-R)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (216981/2014-0)
- Universidad de Alcal?
- Center for Wearable Sensors, University of California, San Diego
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Keywords
- wearable sensors, salivary biomarkers, neonatal monitoring, infant health monitoring, electrochemical biosensor, wireless devices, non-invasive glucose monitoring, saliva sampling
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Adult, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Monitoring, Physiologic, Saliva, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Biosensing Techniques, Biomarkers, Pacifiers, Wireless Technology
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