The twin block technique A functional orthopedic appliance system
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There have been few studies investigating orthodontic treatment modalities for children with OSA with mandibular retrognathia.
“There have been few studies investigating the orthodontic treatment modalities for children with OSA with mandibular retrognathia [12–17], particularly studies assessing the use of twin-block appliances to treat mandibular retrognathia and protrusion.”
From Airway morphology, hyoid position, and serum inflammatory markers of obstructive sleep apnea in children treated with modified twin-block appliances (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Cites
Riolo, M. L. (1974) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II patients
McNamara, J. A., Bookstein, F. L., & Shaughnessy, T. G. (1985) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(85)90233-7 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Effects of mandibular hyperpropulsion on the prechondroblastic zone of young rat condyle
Jp, C., Petrovic, A. G., & Herrmann-Stutzmann, J. (1969) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/s0002-9416(69)90174-2 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The twin block traction technique
Clark, W. J. (1982) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/4.2.129 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional determinants of craniofacial size and shape
McNamara, J. A. (1980) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/2.3.131 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Rp, H. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Clinical management of the bonded Herbst appliance.
Rp, H., & McNamara, J. A. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bone remodelling and orthodontics
Harvold, E. P. (1985) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/7.4.217 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Primate experiments on oral sensation and morphogenesis.
Harvold, E. P. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Treatment timing for Twin-block therapy
Baccetti, T., Franchi, L., Toth, L. R., & McNamara, J. A. (2000) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2000.105571 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Zymperdikas, V. F., Koretsi, V., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Papadopoulos, M. A. A. P. (2015) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjv034 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
A prospective evaluation of bass, bionator and twin block appliances. Part I - the hard tissues
Illing, H. (1998) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/20.5.501 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Treatment effects of the twin block appliance: A cephalometric study
Mills, C. M., & McCulloch, K. J. (1998) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70232-x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Koretsi, V., Zymperdikas, V. F., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Papadopoulos, M. A. (2015) · The European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cju071 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Toth, L. R., & McNamara, J. A. (1999) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70193-9 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The effects of Twin Blocks: A prospective controlled study
Lund, D. I., & Sandler, J. (1998) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70282-3 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Jena, A. K., Duggal, R., & Parkash, H. (2006) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.02.025 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
DeVincenzo, J. P. (1991) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/0889-5406(91)70006-i · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Pangrazio-Kulbersh, V., Berger, J. L., Chermak, D. S., Kaczynski, R., Simon, E. S., & Haerian, A. (2003) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2003.8 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Voudouris, J. C., & Kuftinec, M. M. (2000) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(00)70231-9 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Tümer, N., & Gültan, A. (1999) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70233-7 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Schaefer, A. T., McNamara, J. A., Franchi, L., & Baccetti, T. (2004) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.06.017 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Soft tissue facial profile changes following functional appliance therapy
Quintão, C. C. A., Brunharo, I. H. V. P., Brunharo, V. P., Menezes, R. C., & Almeida, M. A. O. (2005) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cji067 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Naini, F. B., & Moss, J. P. (2004) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.08.034 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Singh, G. D., & Clark, W. J. (2001) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2001.113265 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationIdris, G., Hajeer, M. Y., & Al-Jundi, A. (2018) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjy014 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
McDonagh, S. (2001) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/23.2.115 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Inchingolo, A. D., Patano, A., Coloccia, G., Ceci, S., Inchingolo, A. M., Marinelli, G., Malcangi, G., Montenegro, V., Laudadio, C., Pede, C. D., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19020988 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The use of functional appliances in contemporary orthodontic practice
DiBiase, A. T., Cobourne, M. T., & Lee, R. T. (2015) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.44 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nucera, R., Giudice, A. L., Rustico, L., Matarese, G., Papadopoulos, M. A. A. P., & Cordasco, G. (2016) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.030 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Jena, A. K., & Duggal, R. (2010) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/062709-359.1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Aggarwal, P., Kharbanda, O. P., Mathur, R., Duggal, R., & Parkash, H. (1999) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70225-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Yin, K., Han, E., Guo, J., Yasumura, T., Grauer, D., & Sameshima, G. T. (2019) · Progress in Orthodontics · doi:10.1186/s40510-019-0280-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Flores‐Mir, C., & Major, P. W. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0876:cfstcw]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
DeVincenzo, J. P., & Winn, M. W. (1989) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/0889-5406(89)90454-x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Burhan, A. S., & Nawaya, F. R. (2014) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cju052 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Yaqoob, O., DiBiase, A. T., Fleming, P. S., & Cobourne, M. T. (2011) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/041411-268.1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Idris, G., Galland, B., Robertson, C. J., Gray, A., & Farella, M. (2018) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.01.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dentoskeletal effects of Twin Block appliance in patients with Class II malocclusion
Khan, M. I., Neela, P. K., Unnisa, N., Jaiswal, A. K., Ahmed, N., & Purkayastha, A. (2021) · Medicine and Pharmacy Reports · doi:10.15386/mpr-1989 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Elfeky, H. Y., & Fayed, M. M. S. (2015) · Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists · doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2015.06.001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Predicting the outcome of twin block functional appliance treatment: a prospective study
Caldwell, S. (1999) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/21.5.533 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Heritability of dental and skeletal cephalometric variables in monozygous and dizygous Iranian twins
Amini, F., & Borzabadi‐Farahani, A. (2009) · Orthodontic Waves · doi:10.1016/j.odw.2009.01.001 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Singh, G. D. (2003) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/25.3.225 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Büyükbayraktar, Z. Ç., & Camcı, H. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02773-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
van der Plas, M. C., Janssen, K. I., Pandis, N., & Livas, C. (2017) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/102916-779.1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Saikoski, L. Z., Cançado, R. H., Valarelli, F. P., & de Freitas, K. M. S. (2014) · Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.036-045.oar · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Berger, J. L., Pangrazio-Kulbersh, V., George, C., & Kaczynski, R. (2005) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.03.028 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Direct printed removable appliances: A new approach for the Twin-block appliance
Graf, S., Tarraf, N. E., & Vasudavan, S. (2022) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.08.019 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A randomized clinical trial of two alternative designs of Twin-block appliance
Trenouth, M. J., & Desmond, S. (2012) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1179/14653121226788 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Duan, J., Xia, W., Yang, K., Li, X., Zhang, F., Xu, J., Jiang, Y., Liang, J., & Li, B. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/3594162 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zheng, J., Wu, Q., Jiang, T., Xiao, H., Du, Y., Qi, Y., Jin, Z., & Li, F. (2024) · Head & Face Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13005-023-00404-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Treatment effects of the R-appliance and twin block in Class II division 1 malocclusion
Jamilian, A., Showkatbakhsh, R., & Amiri, S. (2010) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq082 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Al-Anezi, S. A. (2010) · The Saudi Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.09.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
IGF‐1 TMJ injections enhance mandibular growth and bone quality in juvenile rats
Joshi, A. S., Hatch, N. E., Hayami, T., Jheon, A. H., & Kapila, S. (2021) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12524 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Soliman, S., Meyer-Marcotty, P., Hahn, B., Halbleib, K., & Krastl, G. (2018) · PubMed · doi:10.3290/j.jad.a40991 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Al‐Jewair, T., Hanoun, A., Tabbaa, S., Allaymouni, M. A., & Preston, C. B. (2014) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry · doi:10.2147/ccide.s64119 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Johnson, J. S., Satyaprasad, S., Chandra, H. S., Havaldar, K. S., Raj, A., & Suresh, N. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2013 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Integration of Functional and Fixed Appliance Treatment
Read, M. J. F. (2001) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ortho/28.1.13 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Skeletal Malocclusion and Genetic Expression: An Evidence-Based Review
Nishio, C., & Huynh, N. T. (2016) · Journal of Dental Sleep Medicine · doi:10.15331/jdsm.5720 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Li, P., Feng, J. C., Shen, G., & Zhao, N. (2016) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.07.046 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Singh, G. D. (2002) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0544.2002.01121.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Orthopedic and orthodontic effects of Twin-block appliance
Jena, A. K., Duggal, R., & Parkash, H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.17796/jcpd.29.3.c33050g516406336 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Krailassiri, S., Anuwongnukroh, N., & Dechkunakorn, S. (2002) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Bastiani, C., Bellini‐Pereira, S. A., Castillo, A. A.-D., Chiqueto, K., Henriques, J. F. C., & Janson, G. (2022) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.09.021 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Soft Tissue Esthetic Changes Following a Modified Twin Block Appliance Therapy: A Prospective Study
Atashi, M. H. A. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1759 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Afzal, E., & Fida, M. (2019) · Dental and Medical Problems · doi:10.17219/dmp/111976 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Showkatbakhsh, R., Meibodi, S. E., Jamilian, A., Meybodi, S. A. R. F., & Meybodi, E. M. (2011) · Journal of Applied Oral Science · doi:10.1590/s1678-77572011000600015 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A story of dental injury and orthodontics.
Kang, Y., & Franco, C. S. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mandibular incisal edge demineralization and caries associated with Twin Block appliance design
Dixon, M., Jones, Y., Mackie, I. C., & Derwent, S. K. (2005) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1179/146531205225020724 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flores‐Mir, C., & Major, P. W. (2009) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Functional and fixed orthodontic treatment in a child with cerebral palsy
İşcan, H. N., Metin-Gürsoy, G., & Varlık, S. K. (2014) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.06.025 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kutay, C., Kılıçoğlu, H., & Sayar, G. (2021) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/021421-128.1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zelderloo, A., de Llano‐Pérula, M. C., Verdonck, A., Fieuws, S., & Willems, G. (2016) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjw064 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Salloum, E., Millett, D. T., Kelly, N., McIntyre, G. T., & Cronin, M. S. (2017) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjx098 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dauravu, L. (2014) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/10747.5354 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Huang, W., Dong, L., Yu, S., Zheng, Y. R., Wu, H., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Yan, X., Lv, T., et al. (2023) · International Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100815 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Brunharo, I. H. V. P., Quintão, C. C. A., Almeida, M. A. D. O., Motta, A. T., & Barreto, S. Y. N. (2011) · Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1590/s2176-94512011000500006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Portelli, M., Militi, A., Cicciù, M., Giudice, A. L., Cervino, G., Fastuca, R., & Nucera, R. (2018) · The Open Dentistry Journal · doi:10.2174/1745017901814010605 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Akan, B., & Kurşun, B. Ü. (2021) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12516 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Growth Modification in Class II Malocclusion: A Review
Rita, S. N., & Sadat, S. A. (2015) · Update Dental College Journal · doi:10.3329/updcj.v4i2.24044 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effect of class II extractions and functional appliance treatment on smile esthetics
Ali, U. S., Sukhia, R. H., & Fida, M. (2020) · Dental and Medical Problems · doi:10.17219/dmp/115169 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mohamed, M. A. H., Abdallah, K. F., & Hussein, F. A. (2020) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj8040115 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Airway dimensional changes following bone anchored maxillary protraction: a systematic review
Adel, S. M., Abbas, B. A., Marzouk, W., & Zaher, A. R. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02940-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Albalawi, F., Alwakeel, R., Alfuriji, S., Alqahtani, N., Barakeh, R. M., Alghaihab, A., & Alsaeed, S. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13111875 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yu, L., Li, Z., Kang, F., Wang, S., Xie, Z., & Zhu, X. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7518/hxkq.2023.2022453 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Baheti, N., Bhad, W. A., & Chavan, S. J. (2021) · Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists · doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2021.11.003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Radwan, E. S., Maher, A., & Montasser, M. A. (2023) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12696 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Accelerating Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion using Fixed Twin Block Appliances
Pattanaik, S., Puvvula, N., & Mohammad, N. (2018) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1501 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Thakur, V. K., Londhe, S. M., Kumar, P., Sharma, M. R., Jain, A. B., & Pradhan, I. (2020) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.01.007 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Skeletal and Dental Effects of Twin-Block Appliances in Patients Treated With or Without Expansion
Büyükçavuş, M. H., & Kale, B. (2021) · doi:10.5152/turkjorthod.2021.20103 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yanagihara, M., Tsuiki, S., Setoguchi, Y., & Inoue, Y. (2016) · Journal of Dental Sleep Medicine · doi:10.15331/jdsm.5716 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Khan, A. R., Fida, M., & Sukhia, R. H. (2019) · International Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/j.ortho.2019.06.009 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Duan, J., Xia, W., Li, X., Zhang, F., Wang, F., Chen, M., Chen, Q., Wang, B., & Li, B. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-05528-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The twin-block appliance is an MAA that was invented by Clark [17] to correct skeletal class II malocclusion in children during growth and development.”
Effect of orthodontic treatment on traumatized teeth treated by regenerative endodontic procedure
Yoshpe, M., Kaufman, A. Y., & Einy, S. (2025) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/030924-197.1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment Tools and Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Sheats, R. D. (2016) · Journal of Dental Sleep Medicine · doi:10.15331/jdsm.5718 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Radwan, E. S., Maher, A., & Montasser, M. A. (2023) · The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3426 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Condò, R., Perugia, C., Bartolino, M., & Docimo, R. (2010) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Idris, G., Galland, B. C., Robertson, C. J., & Farella, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00353 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chitra, P., Pulgaonkar, R., & Moosvi, Z. (2017) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology · doi:10.4103/0973-029x.203805 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Treatment of class II malocclusion and impacted canines with two-phase orthodontic treatment
Gandhi, V., Mehta, F., & Joshi, H. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Dentistry · doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_394_16 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
[Functional clear aligner treatment of class Ⅱ malocclusion in teenagers].
Zhou, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., & Yao, J. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Removable versus fixed myo-functional appliances in class II malocclusion among Indians
Pawar, R. (2023) · Bioinformation · doi:10.6026/973206300191318 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Song, Z., Li, C., & Gong, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88622-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Coşkun, E. Y., & Esenlik, E. (2020) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.921401 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Clear Twin Block: A Step Forward in Functional Appliances
Behroozian, A., & Kalman, L. (2020) · Dental Hypotheses · doi:10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_14_20 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hu, Y. F., & Li, H. (2023) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-023-04985-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A preliminary report of a new design of cast metal fixed twin-block appliance
Qi, J., Tan, Z., He, H., Pan, D., & Yeweng, S.-J. (2007) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1179/146531207225022266 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Forsus fixed functional appliance therapy for dentoalveolar and profile correction- A case report
Rodrigues, L., Jawale, B. A., Keluskar, K. M., Patil, S., & Belludi, A. (2020) · IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research · doi:10.18231/j.ijodr.2020.051 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Treatment of Skeletal Class II Division 1 Using Twin Block Myofunctional Appliance
Kalbande, B., Jadhav, V. V., Reche, A. R., Nerurkar, S., & Ghulaxe, Y. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.47713 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Clark, W. J.
- Corresponding author
- Clark, W.J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-01
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-18
- ISSN
- 0889-5406 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088344442
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › dental development and anomalies
- Keywords
- Twin Block appliance, functional orthopedic appliances, orthodontic appliance design, malocclusion correction, orthodontic appliances
- MeSH terms
- Activator Appliances, Adolescent, Child, Equipment Design, Extraoral Traction Appliances, Female, Humans, Jaw Relation Record, Male, Malocclusion, Maxillofacial Development, Orthodontic Appliances, Removable, Orthodontics, Corrective, Traction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
