In vitro scavenger activity of some flavonoids and melanins against O2
Abstract
The scavenger activity against O2-. of some flavonoids and melanins (synthetic melanins and melanins isolated from animal tissues, vegetable seeds, and mushroom spores) has been studied by ESR spectrometry. All these substances, except flavon and flavanone, diminish the signal of O2-. generated in vitro by a system containing H2O2 and acetone in an alkaline medium. It is shown that the presence of hydroxyl groups in the B ring of flavonoids is essential for their scavenger activity. Moreover, the presence of a hydroxyl at C-3 enhances the scavenger ability of flavonoids. Generally, aglycons are more active than their glycosides. It seems plausible that the antioxidant property of these substances comes from their scavenger activity against O2-(.). It is also pointed out that the scavenger activity shown by melanins, is strictly correlated with their nature of stable free radical.
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In plant pathogens, DHN melanin enhances fungal survival and reproduction within the host, exacerbates disease symptoms, and primarily facilitates breaching of host physical defense barriers.
“Beyond protecting fungi from host-derived ROS, it enhances fungal survival and reproduction within the host, exacerbates disease symptoms, and primarily facilitates breaching of host physical defense barriers [42].”
From Fungal Melanin in Plant Pathogens: Complex Biosynthesis Pathways and Diverse Biological Functions (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
The melanin molecule contains diverse functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups) that can undergo complexation and chelation reactions with heavy metal ions, binding them to the melanin structure.
“The melanin molecule contains diverse functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups), which can undergo complexation and chelation reactions with heavy metal ions, thereby binding them to the melanin structure [42].”
From Fungal Melanin in Plant Pathogens: Complex Biosynthesis Pathways and Diverse Biological Functions (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
Melanin exhibits antioxidant activity, scavenging ROS or inhibiting their production to protect cells from oxidative stress damage.
“Melanin exhibits antioxidant activity, scavenging ROS or inhibiting their production to protect cells from oxidative stress damage [42].”
From Fungal Melanin in Plant Pathogens: Complex Biosynthesis Pathways and Diverse Biological Functions (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
Melanin exhibits a unique chemical architecture and properties that enable it to adsorb and immobilize heavy metal ions.
“Melanin exhibits a unique chemical architecture and properties that enable it to adsorb and immobilize heavy metal ions.”
From Fungal Melanin in Plant Pathogens: Complex Biosynthesis Pathways and Diverse Biological Functions (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
Melanin plays a vital role in fungal survival under extreme temperatures by acting as a thermal buffer through heat absorption and scattering.
“Melanin plays a vital role in fungal survival under extreme temperatures by acting as a thermal buffer through heat absorption and scattering.”
From Fungal Melanin in Plant Pathogens: Complex Biosynthesis Pathways and Diverse Biological Functions (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
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Fungal Melanin in Plant Pathogens: Complex Biosynthesis Pathways and Diverse Biological Functions
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- Authors
- Sichel, G., Corsaro, C., Scalia, M., Di Bilio, A. J., & Bonomo, R. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Catania (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Sichel, Giovanni
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091111992
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 4.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- superoxide radical scavenging, flavonoids, melanin, antioxidant activity, stable radicals, flavanones, flavones
- MeSH terms
- Basidiomycota, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Flavonoids, Hydroxides, Melanins, Oxygen, Seeds, Free Radical Scavengers, Hydroxyl Radical
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