The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tolerance and safety of vitamin E: A toxicological position report
Abstract
From numerous publications on the "prophylactic" and "therapeutic" use of vitamin E, it may be concluded that the toxicity of vitamin E is very low. It has been demonstrated in animal experiments that vitamin E has neither mutagenic, teratogenic nor carcinogenic properties. Based on studies in humans, a daily dosage of 100-300 mg vitamin E can be considered harmless from a toxicological point of view. Using double-blind studies involving a large number of subjects, it has been demonstrated that large oral doses of up to 3,200 USP-Units/day led to no consistent adverse effects. From a large body of published data, dosage ranges have been deduced which can be characterized as safe for human subjects even where their use extends over a long period of time. It should, however, be noted that oral intake of high levels of vitamin E can exacerbate the blood coagulation defect of vitamin K deficiency caused by malabsorption or anticoagulant therapy. High levels of vitamin E intake are, therefore, contraindicated in these subjects.
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“Doses up to 400 mg can be considered absolutely safe, and vitamin E doses between 400 and 2000 mg also seem to cause no side effects [151,152].”
From Boosting the Photoaged Skin: The Potential Role of Dietary Components (2021) · cites this paper as [151]
In the citing paper
“Few side effects from vitamin E have been reported.”
From Boosting the Photoaged Skin: The Potential Role of Dietary Components (2021) · cites this paper as [151]
Citations
Cites
Beecher, H. K. (1955) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1955.02960340022006 · Cited by 1,850
Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in relation to ischemic heart disease and cancer
Gey, K. F., Brubacher, G. B., & Stähelin, H. B. (1987) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/45.5.1368 · Cited by 433
Lucy, J. A. (1972) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb27849.x · Cited by 390
Safety of oral intake of vitamin E
Bendich, A., & Bendich, L. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/48.3.612 · Cited by 294
Vitamins A, E, and carotene: effects of supplementation on their plasma levels
Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Underwood, B. A., Taylor, J., & Hennekens, C. H. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/38.4.559 · Cited by 279
The effects of antioxidants on skin tumor initiation and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase.
Slaga, T. J., & Bracken, W. M. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 199
Kay, M. M., Bosman, G. J., Shapiro, S. S., Bendich, A., & Bassel, P. S. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2463 · Cited by 130
Antioxidants reduce the mutagenic effect of malonaldehyde and β-propiolactone
Shamberger, R. J., Corlett, C. L., Beaman, K. D., & Kasten, B. L. (1979) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0165-1218(79)90045-4 · Cited by 125
Coagulopathy Associated With Vitamin E Ingestion
Corrigan, J. J. (1974) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1974.03240090040024 · Cited by 125
VITAMIN E AND THE BIOLOGICAL ANTIOXIDANT THEORY
Green, J. (1972) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb27853.x · Cited by 124
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The characterization of antioxidants
Halliwell, B. B., Aeschbach, R., Löliger, J., & Aruoma, O. I. (1995) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0278-6915(95)00024-v · Cited by 993
Functional food science and defence against reactive oxidative species
Diplock, A. T., Charuleux, J.-L., Crozier, G. L., Kok, F. J., Rice-Evans, C. A., Roberfroid, M. B., Stahl, W., & Viña, J. (1998) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19980106 · Cited by 818
Nutrition and health aspects of free radicals and antioxidants
Aruoma, O. I. (1994) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0278-6915(94)90011-6 · Cited by 572
Vitamin E in Humans: Demand and Delivery
Traber, M. G., & Sies, H. (1996) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001541 · Cited by 502
Pryor, W. A. (2000) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00224-5 · Cited by 450
Metadata
- Authors
- Kappus, H.
- Affiliations
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kappus, H
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-07
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-74
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983748680
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, toxicity, safety, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, high-dose vitamin E, coagulation, vitamin K deficiency, malabsorption, anticoagulation, tolerable daily intake
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drug Tolerance, Free Radicals, Humans, Safety, Vitamin E
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