Mitochondrial antigens, molecular mimicry and autoimmune disease

Baum, Harold

doi:10.1016/0925-4439(95)00017-x

Cited by 67Liver Diseases and ImmunitySystemic Lupus Erythematosus ResearchT-cell and B-cell Immunology

Mitochondrial antigens, molecular mimicry and autoimmune disease

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Baum, Harold·1995·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease

DOI 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00017-x

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Abstract

The immune system is normally tolerant to mitochondrial self-antigens, but responsive against bacteria. Low-titre anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) might be involved in this discrimination. Tolerance is broken in diseases characterised by high titre AMA. Some of these AMA, against cardiolipin, cross-react with DNA. The best studied AMA are those characterising primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). These are directed against E2 subunits of the oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes, and also against subunits E1 alpha, E1 beta and X of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. AMA of PBC patients also react with bacterial E2s. Reactivities are primarily peptide-specific but with cross-reactivity between mitochondrial and microbial antigens and between E2s of respective complexes. Immunodominant epitopes, for anti E2 AMA, include the conserved sequence flanking the site of lipoyl attachment. It is proposed that the initial stimulus for antibody production is chronic urinary tract infection. AMA themselves are not pathogenic, but CD4+ T-cells would be primed, recognising the lipoyl domain epitope in association with class II HLA. Inappropriate expression of class II antigens on bile duct epithelia, (as found in PBC), might lead to presentation of a particular fragment of HLA-DR alpha, known to be a major MHC presented self-peptide in the mouse. That sequence strongly mimics the lipoyl domain and might be recognised by primed T-cells, initiating the autoimmune cascade. In the mouse, a peptide of ND1 of Complex I is presented in association with class I MHC. Cells exhibiting somatic mutation of such a peptide might thus be subject to attack by CD8+ T-cells. If such peptides were presented by class II HLA, autoimmune diseases might arise, related to mimicry between such peptides and microbial sequences and/or self-antigens. These considerations might apply in Leber's disease and in age-related pathology.

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Mitochondrial antigens presented by MHC II molecules are detectable in tumour cells and primary biliary cirrhosis, suggesting MHC class II molecules contribute to pro-inflammatory responses to mitochondrial antigens.
“Mitochondrial antigens presented by MHC II molecules are detectable in tumour cells and in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC, also called primary biliary cholangitis), suggesting that MHC class II molecules also contribute to pro-inflammatory responses to mitochondrial antigens226,227.”
From The role of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [227]
Section 4 reports MHC class II expression on bile-duct cells in PBC, and sections 7.1–7.2 propose that class II presentation could stimulate an inflammatory immune response. But presentation of mitochondrial peptides in PBC is hypothetical in this paper, not reported as detectable; the passages do not establish the tumour-cell claim. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Molecular mimicry might explain antigenicity of some mitochondrial proteins and their presentation by MHC II molecules.
“Molecular mimicry might also explain the antigenicity of some mitochondrial proteins and their presentation by MHC II molecules227”
From The role of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [227]
Section 8 proposes that mitochondrial peptides presented with class II HLA could mimic microbial or self-peptides and trigger an autoimmune response. Section 7.1 likewise discusses mimicry involving peptides bound to MHC class II. These passages support a possible explanation for antigenicity, but treat class II presentation as a condition for mimicry, not something mimicry itself explains. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Self-citation
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Self-citation
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Comment on Dorak and Burnett
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Self-citation

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Research works printed but not linked: 7

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[90]90. Thomas, H.C. and Epstein, O. (80) Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 3, 375.
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Authors: Baum, H.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Baum, Harold
Venue: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-05
Volume: 1271
Issue: 1
Pages: 111-121
ISSN: 0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00017-x
OpenAlex: W2160563582
Cited by: 67
References: 103
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 3.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 6653 d)
Locations: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: mitochondrial antigens, molecular mimicry, antimitochondrial antibodies, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmunity, CD4+ T cell priming, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, chronic urinary tract infection, Leber's disease, MHC class I antigen presentation, immunodominant epitopes
MeSH terms: Animals, Antibodies, Epitopes, Antigens, Antigens, Bacterial, Autoantibodies, Autoantigens, Cross Reactions, DNA, HLA-DR Antigens, Humans, Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Mitochondria, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, T-Lymphocytes, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Antibodies, Anticardiolipin

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Mitochondrial antigens, molecular mimicry and autoimmune disease

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