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FOULING OF HEAT EXCHANGER SURFACES

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Composition of ash deposits in biomass fuelled boilers: results of full-scale experiments and laboratory simulations.

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Suitability of Perennial Grasses for Energy and Nonenergy Products

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Study of temperature characterization of agricultural waste in the development of stove for combine heat power

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Cesium as a Tracer for Alkali Processes in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor

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Fly Ash Deposition Onto the Convective Heat Exchangers During Combustion of Willow in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

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Urban tree specific gravity and ash content: A case study from Baltimore, Maryland USA

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A study on benzene release during water washing of biomass

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Effect of Steam on the Release of K and Cl during Biomass and Black Liquor Combustion

Ng, J., & DeMartini, N. (2022) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01078 · Cited by 6

Direct Measurement of Single-Particle Adhesion Behaviors on Metal Surfaces at High Temperatures Using Model and Modified Pulverized Coal Combustion Ash

Gao, J., Aozasa, T., Tsukada, M., Matsuda, H., Makino, H., & Kamiya, H. (2020) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00262 · Cited by 6

Evaluation of slagging characteristics for microalgae and lignocellulose: A comparison of aggregative index and model

Huang, Y., Chen, C., Bi, Y., Qin, S., & Huang, H. (2020) · Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1063/5.0016075 · Cited by 6

Co-Firing Ramie Residue with Supplementary Coal in a Cyclone Furnace

Yi, Q., Qi, F., Xiao, B., Hu, Z., & Liu, S. (2012) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.8.1.844-854 · Cited by 6

Native warm-season grasses: Species, nitrogen fertilization, and harvest date effects on biomass yield and composition

Waramit, N. (2010) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-924 · Cited by 6

Forage and Renewable Sorghum End Uses

Staggenborg, S. (2019) · Agronomy monograph/Agronomy · doi:10.2134/agronmonogr58.c20 · Cited by 6

BARRIER ISSUES TO THE UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS

Weber, G. F., & Zygarlicke, C. J. (2001) · doi:10.2172/785189 · Cited by 6

The Influence of Protective Coatings on High-Temperature Corrosion under Biomass Ash Deposits

Maciejczyk, A., Maj, I., Ciukaj, S., Hernik, B., & Osuch, A. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16217221 · Cited by 5

Combustion reactivity of hydrothermally derived biochar from sugarcane green harvesting residues (GHR): An evaluation as a solid fuel

Sarmiento-Gomez, J. D., Portilla-Amaguaña, A., Jerez–Mendivil, J., Marulanda–Aguirre, D., Guerrero, J. S. P., & Barraza, J. (2025) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132843 · Cited by 5

Tissue composition and higher heating values differ among six bioenergy grasses

Wang, N., Torralbo, F., Naumann, H. D., & Fritschi, F. (2023) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117437 · Cited by 5

Effect of Salt-Induced Stress on the Calorific Value of Two Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Amur Silvergrass) Varieties

Lu, H., Li, L., Chen, J., Nkoh, J. N., Hao, D., Li, J., Wang, J., Li, D., Liu, J., Guo, H., et al. (2024) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy14061259 · Cited by 5

Corrosion of Ni–Al high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating by fly ash and synthetic biomass ash deposits

Hearley, J. A., Liu, C., Little, J. A., & Sturgeon, A. J. (2001) · British Corrosion Journal · doi:10.1179/000705901101501532 · Cited by 5

Reduction of pulverized coal boiler's emissions through ReEngineered Feedstock™ co-combustion

Vekemans, O., Laviolette, J., & Chaouki, J. (2016) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.01.105 · Cited by 5

Mineral Element Analyses of Switchgrass Biomass: Comparison of the Accuracy and Precision of Laboratories

Vogel, K. P., Medill, R., Masterson, S. D., Mitchell, R. B., & Sarath, G. (2017) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2016.08.0475 · Cited by 5

Compositional and structural study of ash deposits spatially distributed in superheaters of a large biomass-fired CFB boiler

Xu, Y., Liu, X., Qi, J., Zhang, T., Xu, M., 费芳芳, & Li, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Energy · doi:10.1007/s11708-021-0734-3 · Cited by 5

Effects of pretreatments on the chemical composition and thermal conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunch

Hendrasetiafitri, C., Sung, Y. J., & Kim, D. (2022) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.17.2.2727-2742 · Cited by 5

Modelling and analyses of heat exchangers in a biomass boiler plant

Yrjölä, J., & Paavilainen, J. (2004) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.976 · Cited by 5

PARTICULATE FOULING GROWTH RATE AS INFLUENCED BY THE CHANGE IN THE FOULING LAYER STRUCTURE

Abd-Elhady, M. S., Rindt, C. C. M., Wijers, J. G., & van Steenhoven, A. A. (2005) · TU/e Research Portal · Cited by 5

Role of Potassium and Phosphorus in Catalytic Partial Oxidation in Short Contact Time Reactors

Chakrabarti, R., & Schmidt, L. D. (2015) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02490 · Cited by 5

Biomass as a Source of Energy

Abdoli, M. A., Golzary, A., Hosseini, A., & Sadeghi, P. (2018) · University of Tehran science and humanities series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74482-7_1 · Cited by 5

Torrefaction and Combustion Properties of some Nigerian Biomass

Akinrinola, F. S. (2014) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 5

Sustainable syngas and H2 from a zootechnical waste: an investigation on fluidized bed gasification of cattle manure

Miccio, F., Maj, I., Polchri, L., & Murri, A. N. (2025) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115140 · Cited by 4

Formation of Si Diffusion Layer on Fe and Fe–Cr Alloy and High-Temperature Corrosion Resistance in a Molten Salt

Fukumoto, M., Nakajima, K., & Sakuraba, T. (2022) · Oxidation of Metals · doi:10.1007/s11085-021-10096-x · Cited by 4

Hacia el aprovechamiento energético de los raquis de palma en calderas de biomasa

Bayona-Roa, C., García-Navarro, J. G., Jeisson, G., & Ricaurte, H. (2023) · Palmas · doi:10.56866/01212923.13806 · Cited by 4

Review of Ash Deposition Coefficients for Selected Biomasses

Gądek, W., & Kalisz, S. (2018) · Springer proceedings in energy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72371-6_12 · Cited by 4

Influence of inorganic additives on ash adhesion to a metal mesh during bamboo powder combustion

Tanoue, K., Umehara, N., Fujita, M., & Ninomiya, Y. (2023) · Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology · doi:10.1080/02773813.2023.2198999 · Cited by 4

Mechano-Noncatalytic Wet Treatment Method for Extracting Ash from Biomass at Room Temperature and Its Effect on Ash Behaviors

Park, J.-H., Song, G.-S., Kim, J. S., Noh, Y.-H., Park, J. S., Namkung, H., Park, S.-J., Choi, J. W., Lee, D.-W., Lee, Y.-J., et al. (2023) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01913 · Cited by 4

Recovery of unburned carbon from lime calcination process using statistical technique

Uçurum, M., Arslan, V., Vapur, H., Bayat, O., & Arslan, V. (2006) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.08.005 · Cited by 4

CFD investigation of deposition in a heat recovery boiler: Part I – a dual-layer particle conversion model

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Elemental Concentrations in Triticale Straw, a Potential Bioenergy Feedstock

El-Nashaar, H. M., Banowetz, G. M., Peterson, C. J., & Griffith, S. M. (2011) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef101241h · Cited by 4

Efficacy of forest based ash as a supplementary cementing material for concrete

Gar, P. S., Boluk, Y., & Bindiganavile, V. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering · doi:10.1139/cjce-2016-0351 · Cited by 4

Fuel property changes of switchgrass during one-year of outdoor storage

Ogden, C. A., Ileleji, K. E., & Johnson, K. D. (2018) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.11.030 · Cited by 4

Characterisation Method of Biomass Ash for Gasification

Moilanen, A., Laatikainen-Luntama, J., Kurkela, E., Sørensen, L. H., & Gustafsson, T. E. (2001) · Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion · doi:10.1002/9780470694954.ch8 · Cited by 4

Supergen Biomass and Bioenergy Consortium: Theme 6 resource assessment: Feedstock Properties

Thornley, P., Upham, P., & Tomei, J. (2008) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 4

The Influence of Straw Shape on the Deposit Formation during Straw Briquette Combustion

Zhao, Q., Guang-Sheng, L., De-Chang, Z., & Bai-liang, Z. (2011) · Energy & Environment · doi:10.1260/0958-305x.22.8.1051 · Cited by 3

An improved numerical model for early detection of bed agglomeration in fluidized bed combustion

Norizam, N. N. A. N., Yang, X., Norizam, N. N. A. N., Ingham, D. B., Szuhánszki, J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. M. (2025) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2025.101987 · Cited by 3

Characterization of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Husk and Shell for Gasification: A Study on Fouling and Slagging Tendencies

Magtoto, K. B., Salcedo, T.-A. M. C., Amongo, R. M., & Capareda, S. C. (2019) · Philippine Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.48196/015.01.2019.03 · Cited by 3

Vibration of the Biomass Boiler Tube Excited with Impact of the Cleaning Device

Cveticanin, D., Herisanu, N. A., Bíró, I., Zuković, M., & Cvetićanin, L. (2020) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math8091519 · Cited by 3

TWO-STAGE PALM KERNEL SHELL WASHING WITH WATER AND ACETIC ACID AS PREPARATION OF CO-FIRING SYSTEM WITH COAL

Umar, D. F., Zulfahmi, Z., Suganal, S., Madiutomo, N., Wijaya, T., Huda, M., Setiawan, L., Daranin, E. A., Gunawan, G., & Monika, I. (2024) · Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik · doi:10.17794/rgn.2024.1.1 · Cited by 3

The addition of Nigerian Kankara kaolin improves the ash properties of empty fruit bunches during combustion

Obada, D. O., Kekung, M. O., & Anafi, F. O. (2022) · MRS Advances · doi:10.1557/s43580-022-00285-4 · Cited by 3

Corrosion of Aluminized and Uncoated 9–12% Cr Boiler Steels in Simulated Biomass andWaste Combustion Conditions

Metsäjoki, J., Huttunen‐Saarivirta, E., & Lepistö, T. K. (2011) · High Temperature Materials and Processes · doi:10.1515/htmp.2011.027 · Cited by 3

Comparison of Two Kinds of Bed Materials During CFB Combustion of Cotton Stalk

Liu, R. ‐., Jin, B., & Zhong, Z. (2007) · Chemical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1002/ceat.200600396 · Cited by 3

Deposition and Corrosion Problems of Biomass Fired Boiler

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Investigation of Ash Deposition During Co-Firing Biomass/Peat with Coal in a Pilot-Scale Fluidized-Bed Reactor

Shao, Y. (2011) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 3

Studies in Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation from Agriwaste in India

Lonia, B. (2006) · Cited by 3

From waste to watt: Evaluating HTC-based waste-to-energy systems in Bangladesh through techno-economic and sustainability lenses

Dihan, M. R., Hossain, M. S., Kamal, S., Kirtania, K., & Kabir, K. B. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108758 · Cited by 2

Evaluation of Fuel Quality for Solid Culm Bamboo from Myanmar by a Comparative Study

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Modification of Phosphorus-Rich Sewage Sludge Combustion Ash Using Pure Source Materials for Analysis of Ash Adhesion Behavior at High Temperature

Gao, J., & Kamiya, H. (2020) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04379 · Cited by 2

Ab Initio Study of the Structure and Chemical Bonding of a Group of Hypothetical Compounds Mg2NA (A = F, Cl, Br, I) with Antichalcopyrite Structure

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Influence of site type on wood specific gravity and ash content for urban-grown hardwoods

Sonti, N. F., Westfall, J. A., Wiemann, M. C., & Eberhardt, T. L. (2025) · Urban Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s11252-025-01735-1 · Cited by 2

Comprehensive characterization and predictive modeling of Spanish biomass for efficient solid biofuel utilization

Lozano, E. J., Rico, N., Calero, M., & Martín-Lara, M. Á. (2025) · Thermal Science and Engineering Progress · doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104127 · Cited by 2

Designing Selection Criteria for Use of Reed Canarygrass as a Bioenergy Feedstock

Casler, M. D., Cherney, J. H., Brummer, E. C., & Dien, B. S. (2015) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2015.03.0142 · Cited by 2

Conversion of Biomass and Waste Fuels in Fluidized-Bed Reactors

Yates, J. G., & Lettieri, P. (2016) · Particle technology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39593-7_4 · Cited by 2

Effect of rainfall and swath density on dry matter and composition change during drying of switchgrass and corn stover

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Influence of Deposition and Fouling on Wall Temperature Distribution in Convective Path

Li, D., Wang, E., Mao, J., Wu, W., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Energy Resources Technology · doi:10.1115/1.4049319 · Cited by 2

Fluidized Bed Combustion: Technology for Efficient Utilization of Biomass Residues

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2 Biomass for fuels – classification and composition

Gusiatin, Z. M., & Pawłowski, A. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315226422-4 · Cited by 2

Extraction of Novel Effective Nanocomposite Photocatalyst from Corn Stalk for Water Photo Splitting under Visible Light Radiation

Barakat, N. A. M., Gamil, A. N., Ashour, I. A., & Khalil, K. A. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15010185 · Cited by 2

Study of Dendromass Ashes Fusibility with the Addition of Magnesite, Limestone and Alumina

Vadász, P., Plešingerová, B., Medveď, D., Sučík, G., Bakajsová, R., & Petrov, V. (2023) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min13050631 · Cited by 2

Effects of Soil Characteristics on Spring Harvested Switchgrass Biomass Composition

Delaquis, E., Séguin, P., Mustafa, A. F., Samson, R., & Martel, H. (2016) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103624.2016.1208754 · Cited by 2

Fouling Characteristics of Coal Biomass Co-combustion and the Influence of the Deposition Surface

Zhou, H., Zhang, J., Ma, W., Xu, Y., & Zhao, M. (2017) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00108 · Cited by 2

Process Flow Analysis of the Thermochemical Conversion of Food Waste in a Gasification Plant

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Emissions from realistic operation of residential wood pellets heating systems

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Potential of solid recovered fuel production from autoclave treated healthcare waste in Sultanate of Oman

Al-Wahaibi, M., & Baird, J. (2024) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2024.2319761 · Cited by 1

Content, association, modes of occurrence, and significance of potassium in biomass and biomass ash

Vassilev, S. V., Vassileva, C. G., Velyanova, G., Georgieva, M., & Petkova, V. (2026) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2026.102497 · Cited by 1

Combustibility of Portuguese shrubland species: analysis of corrosion, fouling, and slagging indices

Nunes, L. J. R. (2026) · Biofuels · doi:10.1080/17597269.2026.2637200 · Cited by 1

Multi-analytical characterization of selected Thar Desert agricultural residues for bioenergy applications

Ganesh, G., & Garaga, R. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109598 · Cited by 1

Co-firing of coal gangue and sewage sludge: Combustion characteristics and ash fusion behavior

Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. L., Zhang, W., Lei, Z., Li, Z. K., (1347237), S. R., Wang, Z., Shui, H., & Yan, J. (2026) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2026.109232 · Cited by 1

A numerical investigation of carbon conversion using a random pore model in gasification process for selected carbonaceous feedstocks, kinetics studies, artificial intelligence and machine learning applications

Das, P. (2026) · Next Materials · doi:10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.102680 · Cited by 1

Investigation on inhibitory effects of different mineral additives on ash deposit corrosion of high-temperature heating surfaces in biomass boilers

Yao, X., Zhao, Z., Li, L., Xu, K., Zhang, X., & Xu, K. (2026) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2026.102727 · Cited by 1

Fate and Behaviour of Inorganic Constituents

Materazzi, M. (2016) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46870-9_7 · Cited by 1

Biomass for fuels – classification and composition

Pawłowski, Z. M. G. &. A. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315226422-7 · Cited by 1

The Influence of Straw Shape on the Formation of Deposits during Straw Briquette Combustion

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Logging Residue Fuel Characteristic Ash Melting Temperatures

Muižniece, I., & Kļaviņa, K. (2016) · Energy Procedia · doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.012 · Cited by 1

Environmentally friendly utilization of biomass

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Elemental Gas‐Particle Partitioning in Fluidized Bed Combustion and Gasification of a Biomass Fuel

Pfaff, D., Jenkins, B. M., & Turn, S. Q. (2001) · Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion · doi:10.1002/9780470694954.ch57 · Cited by 1

TASK 3.4--IMPACTS OF COFIRING BIOMASS WITH FOSSIL FUELS

Zygarlicke, C. J., McCollor, D. P., Eylands, K. E., Hetland, M. D., Musich, M. A., Crocker, C. R., Dahl, J., & Laducer, S. (2001) · doi:10.2172/828064 · Cited by 1

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BARRIER ISSUES TO THE UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS

Folkedahl, B. C., Schmidt, D. D., Weber, G. F., & Zygarlicke, C. J. (2001) · doi:10.2172/791079 · Cited by 1

In-wood screening of wood grindings for biomass feedstock applications

Dukes, C. C. (2012) · Cited by 1

Fireside corrosion in oxy-fuel environments and the influence of fuel and ash characteristics on corrosion and deposition

Rizvi, T.-E.-A. (2014) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1

Application of fuel design to mitigate ash-related problems during combustion of biomass

Rebbling, A. (2019) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) · Cited by 1

Ash Behaviour in Biomass Fluidised-Bed Gasification

Moilanen, A., Kurkela, E., & Laatikainen-Luntama, J. (2005) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-46920-0_41 · Cited by 1

Release and Transformation of Potassium during Gasification of BiomassPreprint

Zhang, G., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Tie, Y., Deng, L., & Che, D. (2021) · doi:10.46855/energy-proceedings-7255 · Cited by 1

Eldningsresultat för pellets med tillsats av magnesium

Riedel, J., Persson, T., Bexell, U., Berghel, J., & Win, K. M. (2011) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)

Energy security for rural communities in the developing world

Blahnik, B., McGillivray, S., Prasad, S., & Su, H. (2013) · International Journal of Energy Sector Management · doi:10.1108/ijesm-02-2013-0007

Steam Boilers: Process Models for improved Operation and Design

Ahnert, F. (2007) · Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)

The Influence of Speed and Amount of Air on the Formation of Deposition during Straw Briquette Combustion

Zhao, Q., Guang-Sheng, L., & De-Chang, Z. (2011) · Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) · doi:10.1109/appeec.2011.5749015

Study on Semi-Gasification Combustion Technology of Stover

Zhao, Q., Fu-jin, C., Wang, Y., & Bai-liang, Z. (2013) · Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology · doi:10.19026/rjaset.5.4452

Catalytic partial oxidation of renewable feedstocks.

Chakrabarti, R. (2012) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)

Variation in mineral content of prairie forb species and content changes over winter related to slagging potential

Rupp, W., & Nyla, J. (2015) · UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa)

Part 2, Boiler Measurements of Ash Deposit Shedding

Bashir, S., Arendt, P., & Frandsen, J. H. (2016)

Design and performance of a bench-scale steam fluidized gasifier for biomass analysis

Christensen, B. (2012) · J. Willard Marriott Library · doi:10.26053/0h-438a-1n00

DESIGN OF AGRIWASTE FUEL: WAYS AND MEANS

Lonia, B., & Bansal, R. (2013)

Alkali deposits found in biomass power plants: A preliminary investigation of their extent and nature. Volume 1

USDOE, W., Miles, T. R., National Renewable Energy Lab., G., Miles (Thomas R.), P., Sandia National Labs., L., California Univ., D., Miles, J. T., Baxter, L., Bryers, R. W., Jenkins, B., et al. (1995) · doi:10.2172/251288 · Cited by 169

Alkali slagging problems with biomass fuels

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Alkalis in alternative biofuels

Miles, T. R., Bryers, R. W., Baxter, L. L., Jenkins, B. M., & Oden, L. L. (1994) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · Cited by 12

Alkali deposits found in biomass boilers: The behavior of inorganic material in biomass-fired power boilers -- Field and laboratory experiences. Volume 2

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