A Fast algorithm for active contours and curvature estimation
Open accessIntegrity signals
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The presence and geometrical relationship of facial features appears to be more important than the details of the features.
“The presence of the features and their geometrical relationship with each other appears to be more important than the details of the features [5].”
From Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art (2000) · cites this paper as [5]
Johansson's point-light display experiments suggest that the visual properties of the face regarding expression information could be made clear by describing the movements of points belonging to facial features and analyzing the relationships between those movements.
“The experiments suggest that the visual properties of the face, regarding the information about the shown facial expression, could be made clear by describing the movements of points belonging to the facial features (eyebrows, eyes, and mouth) and then by analyzing the relationships between those movements.”
From Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art (2000) · cites this paper as [5]
There is growing psychological research arguing that timing of facial expressions is a critical factor in the interpretation of expressions.
“Finally, there is now a growing psychological research that argues that timing of facial expressions is a critical factor in the interpretation of expressions [1], [5], [34].”
From Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art (2000) · cites this paper as [5]
Cites
A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
Canny, J. (1986) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.1986.4767851 · Cited by 30,004 · see citing works
Kass, M., Witkin, A., & Terzopoulos, D. (1988) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/bf00133570 · Cited by 17,165 · see citing works
Marr, D., & Hildreth, E. (1980) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1980.0020 · Cited by 6,510 · see citing works
Witkin, A. (1987) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-051581-6.50036-2 · Cited by 2,360 · see citing works
Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
Yuille, A. L., Cohen, D. S., & Hallinan, P. W. (2003) · Proceedings CVPR '89: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.1989.37836 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Bundy, A. (1983) · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Amini, A. A., Tehrani, S., & Weymouth, T. E. (2005) · International Conference on Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/ccv.1988.589976 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Edge contours using multiple scales
Williams, D. J., & Shah, M. A. (1990) · Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing · doi:10.1016/0734-189x(90)90003-e · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, D. J., & Shah, M. A. (1989) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art
Pantie, M., & Rothkrantz, L. J. M. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.895976 · Cited by 1,778 · see citing works
Expert system for automatic analysis of facial expressions
Pantic, M., & Rothkrantz, L. J. M. (2000) · Image and Vision Computing · doi:10.1016/s0262-8856(00)00034-2 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
A novel method for automatic face segmentation, facial feature extraction and tracking
Sobottka, K., & Pitas, I. (1998) · Signal Processing: Image Communication · doi:10.1016/s0923-5965(97)00042-8 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Deep Model Poisoning Attack on Federated Learning
Zhou, X., Xu, M., Wu, Y., & Zheng, N. (2021) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi13030073 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Segmentation and tracking of faces in color images
Sobottka, K., & Pitas, I. (2002) · Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition · doi:10.1109/afgr.1996.557270 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Modeling of deformable objects for robotic manipulation: A tutorial and review
Arriola-Rios, V. E., Guler, P., Ficuciello, F., Kragic, D., Siciliano, B., & Wyatt, J. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2020.00082 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
An expert system for multiple emotional classification of facial expressions
Pantic, M., & Rothkrantz, L. J. M. (2003) · Proceedings 11th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tai.1999.809775 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
- Authors
- Williams, D. J., & Shah, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Central Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Shah, Mubarak
- Venue
- CVGIP: Image Understanding
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-26
- ISSN
- 1049-9660 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121009299
- Cited by
- 1,101
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 18.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- CVGIP Image Understanding (publishedVersion)
- Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image and Object Detection Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Digital Image Processing Techniques
- Keywords
- snakes, curvature estimation, greedy algorithm, dynamic programming, energy functional, calculus of variations, numerical stability, hard constraints, discrete curves, edge detection, computational complexity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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