ANXIETY AS AN EMOTIONAL STATE
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
A personality scale of manifest anxiety
Taylor, J. A. (1953) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056264 · Cited by 3,131 · see citing works
Effects of Imipramine on Individuals Varying in Level of Depression
DIMASCIO, A., MEYER, R. E., & STIFLER, L. (1968) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.124.8s.55 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals
Elliot, A. J. (1999) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3403_3 · Cited by 3,103 · see citing works
Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits
Ackerman, P. L., & Heggestad, E. D. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.2.219 · Cited by 1,719 · see citing works
Correlates, Causes, Effects, and Treatment of Test Anxiety
Hembree, R. (1988) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543058001047 · Cited by 1,723 · see citing works
Pekrun, R., Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013383 · Cited by 1,255 · see citing works
Weinberger, D. A., Schwartz, G. E., & Davidson, R. J. (1979) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.88.4.369 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works
Evolutionary Personality Psychology
Buss, D. M. (1991) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.42.020191.002331 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Test anxiety and the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.628 · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Ito, T. A., Miller, N., & Pollock, V. E. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.60 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the STAI: A reply to Ramanaiah, Franzen, and Schill
Speilberger, C. D., & Vagg, P. R. (1984) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4801_16 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Future anxiety: Concept, measurement, and preliminary research
Zaleski, Z. (1996) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(96)00070-0 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
An Exploration of Foreign Language Anxiety and English Learning Motivation
Liu, M., & Huang, W. (2011) · Education Research International · doi:10.1155/2011/493167 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
“As Speilberger [4] distinguished, state anxiety was transitory and fluctuated over time and situation, while trait anxiety was relatively stable all the time.”
BackgroundReliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the state-trait anxiety inventory.
Shek, D. T. L. (1988) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00960624 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Yang, Z., Asbury, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9961-1 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Conceptual note on state, trait, and the state-trait distinction
Fridhandler, B. M. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.1.169 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Psychosocial Factors in University Students
Morales-Rodríguez, F. M., Espigares-López, I., Brown, T., & Pérez-Mármol, J. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17134778 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
The impact of anxiety on sexual arousal in women
Bradford, A., & Meston, C. M. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.08.006 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Cheng, C., & Cheung, M. W. L. (2005) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00310.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Keogh, E., Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.002 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Xie, W., & Karan, K. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.09 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lee, M. S., Kang, C., Lim, H., & Lee, M. (2004) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1023 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Ritholz, M. D., & Jacobson, A. M. (1998) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00243.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers’ anxiety levels
Karasu, F., Öztürk Çopur, E., & Ayar, D. (2022) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-020-01466-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Eren-Sisman, E. N., Cigdemoglu, C., & Geban, O. (2018) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/c7rp00201g · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Spielberger (1972) reported test–retest reliability with high school and college student samples.”
BackgroundSchiaffino, K. M. (2003) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.11408 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Xue, S., Yang, Y., Du, J., & Liu, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1062517 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Behavioral objectives, sequence, and anxiety in CAI
Tobias, S., & Duchastel, P. C. (1974) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/bf00150474 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Spielberger, C. D.
- Corresponding author
- Spielberger, Charles D.
- Venue
- Anxiety
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 1972
- Pages
- 23-49
- OpenAlex
- W1519103646
- Cited by
- 1,102
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 88.84
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Elsevier eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
- Keywords
- emotional state, emotions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review