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Adenosine Receptor Neurobiology: Overview
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that is distributed ubiquitously throughout the body as a metabolic intermediary. In the brain, adenosine functions as an important upstream neuromodulator of a broad spectrum of neurotransmitters, receptors, and signaling pathways. By acting through four G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine contributes critically to homeostasis and neuromodulatory control of a variety of normal and abnormal brain functions, ranging from synaptic plasticity, to cognition, to sleep, to motor activity to neuroinflammation, and cell death. This review begun with an overview of the gene and genome structure and the expression pattern of adenosine receptors (ARs). We feature several new developments over the past decade in our understanding of AR functions in the brain, with special focus on the identification and characterization of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways of ARs. We provide an update on functional insights from complementary genetic-knockout and pharmacological studies on the AR control of various brain functions. We also highlight several novel and recent developments of AR neurobiology, including (i) recent breakthrough in high resolution of three-dimension structure of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in several functional status, (ii) receptor-receptor heterodimerization, (iii) AR function in glial cells, and (iv) the druggability of AR. We concluded the review with the contention that these new developments extend and strengthen the support for A1 and A2ARs in brain as therapeutic targets for neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
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“Numerous preclinical studies have found that antagonizing adenosine receptors, including with caffeine, has neuroprotective effects during aging and in neurological disorders by slowing cognitive decline and the progression of the disorders [reviewed in Ref. (84, 85)].”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [84]
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“Several studies have reported a significant negative association between maternal caffeine consumption and birth weight (84, 85, 140–142).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [84]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, J.-F., Lee, C.-F., & Chern, Y.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica (TW)
- Venue
- International review of neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 119
- Pages
- 1-49
- ISSN
- 0074-7742 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2123639506
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 336
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 5.80
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International review of neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS041083-10, R01NS041083, NS073947, R01NS073947)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Keywords
- adenosine receptors, adenosine, G protein-coupled receptors, adenosine A1 receptor, adenosine A2A receptor, adenosine A2B receptor, A3 adenosine receptor, receptor signaling pathways, receptor heterodimerization, glial cells, neuromodulation, synaptic plasticity, sleep, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, therapeutic target, knockout mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Neurobiology, Receptors, Purinergic P1
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