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Cited by 102Neuroscience of respiration and sleepHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlRespiratory and Cough-Related Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Periaqueductal Gray Controls Brainstem Emotional Motor Systems Including Respiration

Holstege, Gert·2014·Progress in brain research
DOI 10.1016/b978-0-444-63274-6.00020-5
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Abstract

Respiration is a motor system essential for the survival of the individual and of the species. Because of its vital significance, studies on respiration often assume that breathing takes place independent of other motor systems. However, motor systems generating vocalization, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, as well as parturition, ejaculation, and defecation encompass abdominal pressure control, which involves changes in the respiratory pattern. The mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) controls all these motor systems. It determines the level setting of the whole body by means of its very strong projections to the ventromedial medullary tegmentum, but it also controls the cell groups that generate vocalization, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, as well as respiration. For this control, the PAG maintains very strong connections with the nucleus retroambiguus, which enables it to control abdominal and intrathoracic pressure. In this same context, the PAG also runs the pelvic organs, bladder, uterus, prostate, seminal vesicles, and the distal colon and rectum via its projections to the pelvic organ stimulating center and the pelvic floor stimulating center. These cell groups, via long descending projections, have direct control of the parasympathetic motoneurons in the sacral cord as well as of the somatic motoneurons in the nucleus of Onuf, innervating the pelvic floor. Respiration, therefore, is not a motor system that functions by itself, but is strongly regulated by the same systems that also control the other motor output systems.

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  1. Vanderhorst, 2000, Monosynaptic projections from the nucleus retroambiguus to motoneurons supplying the abdominal wall, axial, hindlimb, and pelvic floor muscles in the female rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 424, 233, 10.1002/1096-9861(20000821)424:2<233::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-C · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Holstege, G.
Affiliations
The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author
Holstege, Gert
ORCID
Holstege, Gert
Venue
Progress in brain research
Publisher
Elsevier
Published
2014
Volume
209
Pages
379-405
ISSN
0079-6123 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/b978-0-444-63274-6.00020-5
OpenAlex
W157754080
Cited by
102
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3
FWCI
8.83
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Progress in brain research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
Keywords
periaqueductal gray, respiration, brainstem, nucleus retroambiguus, intrathoracic pressure, pelvic floor, vocalizations, cough, sneezing, vomiting, childbirth, ejaculation, defecation
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain Stem, Emotions, Humans, Neural Pathways, Periaqueductal Gray, Respiration

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