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The influence of stress and early life adversity on addiction: Psychobiological mechanisms of risk and resilience
Open accessAbstract
Preclinical, clinical, and population research demonstrates that stress and early life adversity (ELA) increase vulnerability to initiate, maintain, and relapse in addiction. Individuals with addiction problems have higher prevalence of trauma exposure than nondrug users; and this association extends to young populations (e.g., adolescents). Mechanisms for these associations likely involve multiple systems, including changes in the mesolimbic reward functions, HPA axis stress response, and other stress- and reward-related pathways. Other brain morphological and functional changes are also likely involved and directly contribute to the neurohormonal and behavioral alterations observed during adulthood in those exposed to ELA. Stress-related risk is influenced by sex, genetic factors, and resilience, among other factors. Our heuristic model proposes that long-term effects of stress and ELA on the brain contribute to dysregulation of the stress response, emotional reactivity, reward systems, cognitive dysregulation, and delay discounting that lead to impulsive and high-risk behaviors, such as drug use and relapse.
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“In humans, various forms of ELA are associated with illicit drug use later in life [21,22,23].”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
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“These blunted stress responses among nicotine users may reflect long-term effects of nicotine use on stress response systems, leading to increased risk for maintaining use (to compensate for such dysregulation) and to increased vulnerability to stressrelated disorders, such as depression (al’Absi 2020; al’Absi et al.…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Al’Absi, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mustafa Al’Absi
- ORCID
- Mustafa Al’Absi
- Venue
- International review of neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 152
- Pages
- 71-100
- ISSN
- 0074-7742 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9188362
- OpenAlex
- W3021998954
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 249
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 24.93
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International review of neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01DA027232, R01DA016351)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, stress, addiction, resilience, trauma exposure, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, mesolimbic reward system, stress response dysregulation, emotional reactivity, delay discounting, impulsivity, drug relapse, sex differences, genetic factors, brain structural changes, cognitive dysregulation, adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways, Stress, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Resilience, Psychological
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