Family and peer predictors of substance use from early adolescence to early adulthood: An 11-year prospective analysis
Open accessAbstract
The focus of this study was social (i.e., family and peer) influences on substance use from early adolescence to early adulthood. A large, ethnically diverse sample of early adolescents (N=998) was followed from age 12 to age 23. We tested direct and indirect effects of parental monitoring, family relationship quality, and association with deviant peers on change in substance use across time. Outcomes for tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were analyzed as separate pathways within the same overall model. The results suggest that a significant shift in the nature of family influence occurred across adolescence and into early adulthood, but deviant peer influence was relatively consistent across this period. Specifically, parental monitoring and deviant peer association were predictive of substance use in early adolescence, but family relationship quality was a significant predictor across the transition to high school and generally continued to predict use into later adolescence, as did association with deviant peers. Deviant peers were the only significant predictor in early adulthood. Our results also suggested that parental monitoring and family relationship quality indirectly predicted later substance use by way of deviant peers, implying that an important aspect of the family context is its influence on choice of friends and peer group composition. Implications for family-based prevention and intervention are discussed.
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Peer influences combined with environmental stressors like community disorganization and academic failure contribute to a developmental cascade toward substance dependence.
“These peer influences, combined with environmental stressors like community disorganization and academic failure, contribute to a developmental cascade toward substance dependence (Guo et al. 2001; Dodge et al. 2009; Van Ryzin et al. 2012).”
From Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework (2026) · cites this paper as Van Ryzin et al. 2012
Sections 1.1 and 5 support a role for peer influence in escalating substance use from adolescence to adulthood. Section 1 lists academic failure alongside substance use as a component of broader problem behavior, not as a stressor causing it. The cited passages do not establish community disorganization or a cascade toward substance dependence; the cascade described in section 1.3 concerns substance-use initiation. Page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdolescents with poor emotional regulation and aggressive tendencies often affiliate with similarly high-risk peers, creating social environments that normalize and reward deviance and alcohol use.
“Adolescents with poor emotional regulation and aggressive tendencies often affiliate with similarly high-risk peers, creating social environments that normalize and reward deviance and alcohol use (Koposov 2002; Haller et al. 2010; Van Ryzin et al. 2012).”
From Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework (2026) · cites this paper as Van Ryzin et al. 2012
The Introduction (§1.1; page unavailable) says troubled or antisocial children tend to gravitate toward antisocial peers, who may reinforce deviant behavior and encourage substance use. It does not identify poor emotional regulation as a reason for that affiliation, and it discusses substance use generally rather than alcohol specifically. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Cites
Parental Monitoring: A Reinterpretation
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Adolescent substance use and sexual risk-taking behavior
Tapert, S. F., Aarons, G. A., Sedlar, G. R., & Brown, S. A. (2001) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00169-5 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
GRANT, J. D., SCHERRER, J. F., LYNSKEY, M. T., LYONS, M. J., EISEN, S. A., TSUANG, M. T., TRUE, W. R., & BUCHOLZ, K. K. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705006045 · Cited by 321 · cited 1× · see citing works
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BackgroundAdolescent versus adult onset and the development of substance use disorders in males
Clark, D. B., Kirisci, L., & Tarter, R. E. (1998) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00154-3 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Van Ryzin, M. J., Fosco, G. M., & Dishion, T. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oregon (US)
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1314-1324
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3459354
- OpenAlex
- W2045299394
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 13.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH020012, T32 MH20012)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA07031, P30DA018760, R01DA007031, R37DA007031, DA018760, R01DA013773, DA13773)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC013773)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- substance use, early adolescence, early adulthood, parental supervision, family relationship quality, deviant peer affiliation, peer influence, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, family-based prevention, peer group composition, transition to high school
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Parenting, Risk Assessment, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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