Parental Monitoring: A Reinterpretation
Abstract
Monitoring (tracking and surveillance) of children's behavior is considered an essential parenting skill. Numerous studies show that well-monitored youths are less involved in delinquency and other normbreaking behaviors, and scholars conclude that parents should track their children more carefully. This study questions that conclusion. We point out that monitoring measures typically assess parents' knowledge but not its source, and parents could get knowledge from their children's free disclosure of information as well as their own active surveillance efforts. In our study of 703 14-year-olds in central Sweden and their parents, parental knowledge came mainly from child disclosure, and child disclosure was the source of knowledge that was most closely linked to broad and narrow measures of delinquency (normbreaking and police contact). These results held for both children's and parents' reports, for both sexes, and were independent of whether the children were exhibiting problem behavior or not. We conclude that tracking and surveillance is not the best prescription for parental behavior and that a new prescription must rest on an understanding of the factors that determine child disclosure.
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When children are maladjusted, parents will take action to help work through children's emotional problems, increasing their control and monitoring of children's thoughts and feelings.
“Second, when children are maladjusted, parents will take action to help work through children’s emotional problems, increasing their control and monitoring of children’s thoughts and feelings (Stattin & Kerr, 2000).”
From Helicopter Parenting and Emotional Problems in Chinese Emerging Adults: Are there Cross-lagged Effects and the Mediations of Autonomy? (2023) · cites this paper as Stattin & Kerr, 2000
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Stress and Coping in Childhood: The Parents' Role
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Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents
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Democratic School Climate and Sense of Community in School: A Multilevel Analysis
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Parental influences on young people's sexual behaviour: A longitudinal analysis
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Parent-child communication during adolescence
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Adolescent Out‐of‐School Activities
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Self-citationEarly adolescent Internet game addiction in context: How parents, school, and peers impact youth
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- Authors
- Stattin, H., & Kerr, M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Psychology, University of Örebro
- Örebro University (SE)
- ORCID
- Kerr, Margaret
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1072-1085
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2083036701
- Cited by
- 2,358
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 122 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 133 · 2015: 130 · 2014: 141 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 137
- FWCI
- 26.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- parental supervision, child disclosure, delinquency, police encounters, parental knowledge, surveillance, adolescent behavior, parent-child communication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Middle Aged, Parent-Child Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Sampling Studies, Self Disclosure, Social Behavior Disorders, Socialization, Sweden, Parenting
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